Growing Returns

Extreme heat puts pressure on cows and farmers

By Sukie Kevane, EDF InternBlack and white dairy cattle grazing from USDA.

Dairy and beef producers are feeling the strain of heat waves — and so are their animals. Longer, hotter summers are making it harder for cows to stay healthy and productive. Heat stress lowers milk yields, weakens cows’ immune systems and can even threaten fertility.

For farmers, the impacts go beyond animal health: heat stress reduces milk yields and fertility in cows, which translates directly into financial losses from lower production and higher management costs. Lower productivity also increases the methane intensity of any milk or meat produced.

But across the world, producers, veterinarians and nutritionists are responding with new tools and time-tested strategies to help livestock cope. These solutions matter not only for animal health, but for food security, rural livelihoods and climate resilience.

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Natural infrastructure solutions demonstrate measurable flood risk reduction: A case study of the Prairie Creek Watershed

Flooding is a growing issue for communities across the United States. And the challenge is not just coastal. In recent years, inland communities that sit near rivers and waterways have experienced more frequent and intense flood events, causing infrastructure damage, social disruptions and economic losses. Much of this can be attributed to the increases in precipitation combined with declines in watershed health of the surrounding lands due to development and agricultural use.

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How states can successfully implement home elevation projects with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

By: Allie Olsonoski, Project Manager, Climate Resilient Coasts and Watersheds and Rachel Rhode, Manager, Climate Resilient Coasts and Watersheds 

Flooding is a growing challenge for communities across the United States, particularly in coastal areas. More frequent and extreme storms, rising sea levels, coastal erosion and land subsidence (sinking) are putting people and property at greater risk. While many states and localities are actively working to reduce risk for communities, large infrastructure solutions like levees and seawalls aren’t always possible or practical—especially in rural areas. 

In many cases, a more cost-effective solution is not to try to block the water, but to adapt to it. One approach that has been rising to the top is employing ‘nonstructural’ practices, namely home elevation.

As more states begin exploring home elevation programs, they will need to push for local engagement strategies in the communities where they work, in order to be successful.

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Mid-Barataria Project loss is a devastating blow for Louisiana

Just weeks ahead of the 20th anniversary of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, coastal Louisiana is facing a devastating blow to the incredible work that has been done since those tragic storms to reverse land loss and reclaim the title of the Great Bayou. The Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion Project (MBSD), a groundbreaking effort to restore land loss, has officially been killed by the Landry administration. 

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Nature-based solutions are essential to advancing climate resilience

By: Eve Cooke, Fellow, Climate Resilient Coasts and Watersheds

Over the past four years, Florida has been battered by severe storms, tropical cyclones and record-breaking floods. From unnamed downpours to devastating hurricanes like Ian, Helene and Milton, these events have caused more than $100 billion in damage—disrupting families, businesses and ecosystems alike.  

In a recent EDF survey, a range of experts across sectors in Florida stood united on one thing: nature-based solutions are key to protecting people and property from extreme weather and believe there is a clear path forward to incorporating these solutions into building resilience. 

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Collaboration between food companies and banks can accelerate regenerative agriculture in Europe and beyond

The widespread adoption of regenerative agriculture practices in Europe could strengthen crop resilience to extreme weather and support the long-term sustainability of farms, communities and ecosystems – an urgent need as the region faces record-breaking heatwaves. Despite the benefits of adopting cover cropping, no-till, nutrient management, alternative manure management and other regenerative practices, many farmers are hindered by financial barriers, including high up-front costs and risks.

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Modernizing agricultural insurance to strengthen farmers’ ability to adapt

Last year, the U.S. faced its fourth most costly year of extreme weather, contributing to more than $20 billion in agricultural losses. As this trend of increasingly extreme weather continues, modernizing agricultural insurance in the U.S. is a crucial step toward protecting farmers’ financial stability and reducing the risks they face when transitioning to climate-resilient practices.

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Climate Change Demands a Global Paradigm Shift in our Relationship with Wildfires

A few weeks ago, the Canadian province of Manitoba declared a state of emergency as a result of wildfires, with Manitoba Premier noting “this is the largest evacuation Manitoba will have seen in most peoples’ living memory”. This marked an ominous start to the country’s wildfire season, with about 225 wildfires burning, half of them out of control, by mid-June and some already turning deadly.  Canada is not alone in facing a crisis. Wildfires are intensifying in fire-prone areas, and emerging in regions that have never previously grappled with high fire risk. In January, outside the typical fire season, Los Angeles was on fire for weeks. In 2024 alone, countries including Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, the Republic of Congo, Greece, Portugal and Canada battled devastating blazes.

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A new normal for Irish dairy: Pioneering sustainable change for Ireland’s climate future

Black and white cows graze along a coastal hillside in Ireland.

Ireland’s lush pastures and deep-rooted agricultural traditions have long made it a global dairy powerhouse. But with agriculture contributing nearly 38% of the country’s greenhouse gas emissions — four times the EU average — there’s no escaping the uncomfortable truth: Ireland’s booming dairy sector must evolve to meet the country’s climate targets.

To respond to this pressing challenge, Environmental Defense Fund Europe (EDF Europe) and Climate KIC partnered to explore a new vision for sustainable dairy. The goal? To co-create a future-proof model that balances climate action with economic resilience in Ireland’s rural heartlands.

Below, we’ll outline a new roadmap for sustainable dairy. Read More »

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Major federal funding cuts leave communities less prepared for hurricane seasons

On April 4, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was directed under the Trump administration to eliminate one of the largest disaster preparedness programs in the country. By defunding the Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) program, the administration will be canceling more than $882 million in funding aimed at helping communities reduce their risks and minimize costs ahead of natural disasters. These programs help keep people safe and save taxpayer dollars when future storms hit. As we enter this year’s hurricane season, BRIC funding cuts, along with other actions targeted at dismantling disaster safety nets, leave vulnerable states and communities less prepared than ever.  

Damage and destruction on the west coast of Florida caused by Hurricane Ian.

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