Growing Returns

Celebrating the groundbreaking of a natural infrastructure project to combat flooding in North Carolina

Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) joined North Carolina’s Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) at a groundbreaking event today to celebrate the progress of a new and significant natural infrastructure pilot project.  

The Stoney Creek pilot project is an innovative approach to utilizing natural infrastructure and nature’s processes to address flood risk in the City of Goldsboro and in the greater area of Wayne County, North Carolina. Moreover, it is a major step forward in advancing community flood resilience across the entire state.  

The goal of the Stoney Creek pilot  

Widespread devastation caused by Hurricane Helene this past fall served as a somber reminder of how flooding can impact North Carolinian communities. It wasn’t long ago that Goldsboro and surrounding communities also felt flooding impacts from Hurricanes Florence and Matthew. In fact, all North Carolinian communities are at risk of more frequent and increasingly severe hurricanes and storms. Projects like the Stoney Creek pilot are a great opportunity to prioritize resilience-building and seek solutions that will reduce the impact of future flooding events.  

According to Goldsboro officials, all streams in the city are subject to flooding and storms may cause water levels to rise. A recent study showed that using flood mitigation practices that mimic natural processes, like adding temporary flood storage capacity into an agricultural watershed, opened access to emergency services within the area. This eventually led to the development of DEQ’s Natural Infrastructure Mitigation Program, then leading to the Stoney Creek pilot project, which when implemented will use natural infrastructure practices, like restoring streams or building wetlands, to reduce flooding impacts across whole watersheds, like Stoney Creek. 

In particular, the Stoney Creek project aims to increase access to essential services like businesses, roadways and emergency care. Reducing flood risk will also greatly benefit the county’s top industries, which include agriculture and the military.  

Seeing the bigger picture   

The Stoney Creek pilot project is part of the state’s larger Natural Infrastructure Flood Mitigation Program and further paves the way for future initiatives to reduce flood risk and build resilience across North Carolina.   

Importantly, lessons learned from this pilot project will be essential as the DEQ scales solutions in North Carolina’s first-ever Flood Resiliency Blueprint. The Blueprint is a major statewide effort led by DEQ and in collaboration with stakeholders, including EDF, local government, community members, conservation partners, agricultural organizations and businesses. Once completed, it will function as an online support tool and compile all relevant resources and knowledge in one place, aimed at helping North Carolinians make informed flood resilience planning decisions. 

Looking forward   

Today, we are happy to celebrate the progress made in the Stoney Creek pilot project and want to acknowledge the importance of leveraging North Carolina’s valuable natural resources to deploy strategies that build resilience in combating increasing flood risks. EDF looks forward to continued collaboration with the DEQ and stakeholders as the Flood Resilience Blueprint’s online tool is released this spring and this project enters the next phase of implementation.  

 As Will McDow, Associate Vice President of EDF’s Climate Resilient Coasts and Watersheds program recently said, “The Stoney Creek project is a testament to the ongoing commitment of our local and state leaders to address the growing threat of flooding and storms. Now, more than ever, it’s clear that flood mitigation is not just a necessity but a critical investment in the health and safety of our communities. The state will be recovering from our most recent natural disaster, Hurricane Helene, for years to come. It’s a sobering reminder of why this work is so essential. Our collective efforts are making a lasting difference, and today marks an important milestone along our journey to create a brighter, safer, more cost-effective future for flood resilience across North Carolina.” 

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Farmers need support to survive this economic squeeze

A farmer in a tractor plants rows of corn in a field.

In conversations with farmers in recent months, one word keeps coming up to describe their economic reality: “squeeze.” High farm input costs and loan interest rates are making it more expensive for farmers to grow crops. At the same time, low commodity prices mean they earn less money for the crops they grow. Farmers are caught in the middle of a bad deal with many asking whether it is even worth it to farm this year.

Farmers are facing this dilemma while also navigating additional disruptions and uncertainty. Federal funds have been frozen or canceled, putting farmers with existing contracts at risk after they’ve already invested their own money with the expectation that government funding would cover the remaining cost of farm improvements. Tariffs create another layer of price uncertainty and open the door for other countries to gain a competitive advantage in global markets. On top of this, farmers in several regions have experienced damage from extreme weather events, making their financial situation even more fraught.

Farmers are getting squeezed, and this makes it harder or even impossible for them to position their businesses for long-term success. But it doesn’t have to be this way.

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Three ways to improve soil carbon measurement

Farmer checking soil health with their hand.

Measuring soil carbon accurately is essential for ensuring confidence in large-scale efforts to improve soil health, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support initiatives like carbon credit programs.

But determining how much organic carbon is stored in soil from decomposed plants can be a challenge, leading to a well-known problem: different soil testing labs can give different numbers for the same soil.

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Animal health is key to healthy people and planet

Molly Nyambura, member of Lynjack self-help group, working in her farm in Kiambu County. Photo courtesy of USAID Kenya.

Maintaining animal health isn’t only an essential practice for livestock farming, though any farmer or rancher will agree that’s true. It’s also a way to lower the methane intensity of the meat and dairy produced by livestock and improve health and livelihoods for people, which is particularly important for smallholder farmers in low-income countries.

Livestock farming contributes more than one-third of human-caused methane emissions, a powerful super-pollutant responsible for much of the additional warming and extreme weather the world is facing. At the same time, animal agriculture both provides critical nutrition and supports the livelihoods of millions of families, benefits that are now at risk due to heatwaves, droughts and other climate impacts. 

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Without financing solutions, farmers have to leave money — and environmental benefits — on the table

This op-ed was originally published in Hoard’s Dairyman. Since its initial publication, the financial uncertainty for farmers engaging in conservation practices has grown substantially. Ongoing trade negotiations, tariffs and blocked funding for existing U.S. Department of Agriculture contracts for conservation expenses and the uncertainty of future funding for conservation programs intensify the financial challenges faced by dairy farmers.

Dairy farmers are already part of a high-risk industry — the experience shared below shows how difficult it can be to align funding opportunities with farms’ financial needs. Now, farmers are being left to absorb that risk with less support. To continue producing food for their communities and responsibly stewarding natural resources, farmers will need more flexibility from financial institutions and greater investments from stakeholders advancing sustainable agriculture.

By Alice Crothers

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Measuring soil carbon is economically feasible

Doug Peterson, State Soil Health Conservationist with USDA, displays soil sample from a field that uses cover crops.
Credit: Kyle Spradley, MU College of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources

There’s widespread consensus that climate smart agricultural practices like cover cropping, reduced and no-tillage and crop diversification can help farmers adapt to climate change and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Yet confidence in the impacts of these practices as a climate solution has been undermined by reliance on models to determine how much carbon has been accrued or retained in soils.

Soil organic carbon accounting and crediting relies on models because of the belief that direct measurement is too costly and cannot provide a practical solution to any large-scale measurement, monitoring, reporting and verification (MMRV) program for tracking soil carbon outcomes.

But that assumption may be wrong. Working with a team of researchers from the University of Illinois and Yale School of the Environment, Environmental Defense Fund found that a rigorous approach to soil carbon quantification that relies on taking soil samples before and after practice adoption across a large number of farm fields is economically feasible.

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The Regenerative Agriculture Financing Program expands in its second year

A large field of soybean crop.

A large field of soybean crop.

The Regenerative Agriculture Finance Program, also known as RAF, was launched in January 2022 by Farmers Business Network in collaboration with Environmental Defense Fund. The pilot year of the RAF program included 48 corn, wheat and soybean farmers seeking access to lower interest rates on operating loans by achieving standards for soil health and nitrogen fertilizer management practices.

When launched, the RAF program quickly became Farmers Business Network’s fastest selling financial product ever. Of the participating growers who completed data collection, 83% met the environmental standards and received a rebate payment equal to 0.5% of their loan interest rate.

The success of the pilot year of the RAF encouraged Farmers Business Network to expand the program. Learn more about the 2023 program results, as well as new opportunities and challenges for the RAF.

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We can feed a growing population while shrinking fertilizer pollution. Here’s how.

Tractor applying fertilizer

Farmers must estimate how much fertilizer and other inputs their crop will need in the face of increased weather variability.

Nitrous oxide might not make the news like carbon dioxide, but it’s a powerful hidden force behind the extreme, climate-driven weather we’re experiencing. This super-pollutant is the third most significant greenhouse gas, with a warming impact almost 300 times greater than carbon dioxide. Lowering it is essential for avoiding the most dangerous climate impacts.

The newly released “Global Nitrous Oxide Assessment” confirms a sobering reality: atmospheric concentrations of the gas are rising faster than previously anticipated. The majority of nitrous oxide emissions come from synthetic fertilizer and manure. Yet nitrogen applications are also essential for producing the crops that feed a growing population.

We don’t have to choose between food security or climate stability. We can and must support farmers in achieving both priorities.

Reducing nitrous oxide emissions isn’t just possible — it’s within reach.

A combination of existing strategies could slash global nitrous oxide emissions by over 40%, but scaling these solutions requires commitment and innovation, but scaling these solutions requires commitment and innovation.

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Four takeaways from a year of global action on food, agriculture and climate

farm in a landscape with fields

Global leaders increasingly recognize that agriculture and food systems must be part of solutions to the climate crisis. From the first Food Systems Pavilion at a UN climate conference in 2022, to 160 countries recognizing food and agriculture as a climate imperative in 2023, food advocates came into the 2024 UN climate conference, COP29, with wind in our sails. We made progress, but the world needs to do more — and quickly.

As we close out the year and look ahead to COP30 in late 2025, significantly more work remains to ensure farmers, fishers and ranchers can feed a growing population and lower climate pollution from food systems.

Here are four reflections from EDF and our partners about the progress made this year and the urgent work that remains to make farms and food systems more resilient, sustainable and equitable.

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Driving recovery and resilience in North Carolina after Hurricane Helene

In recent years, North Carolina communities have weathered one storm after another, with Hurricane Helene being no exception. Hurricane Helene followed a once-in-a-thousand-year rain event in western North Carolina, which as a result caused widespread devastation and $53 billion of damage to the state alone. The impacts also stretched far beyond North Carolina, affecting communities throughout the southeastern U.S., demonstrating the growing need to prepare for increasingly severe storms.  

In the wake of Hurricane Helene, FEMA introduced a $2.1 billion relief package to support families and businesses affected. These relief efforts offered some essential support in the aftermath but only scratched the surface of what is needed to truly help communities. 

Moving forward, we must work to safeguard communities by investing in long-term resilience and preparedness. Read More »

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