Climate 411

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From the Territory to the Negotiating Table: Indigenous Preparations for COP30

Sonia Guajajara_Indigenous Minister of Brazil, at the COParente process.

Sonia Guajajara_Indigenous Minister of Brazil, at the COParente process_Picture by Bia Saldanha

By Bärbel Henneberger and Bia Saldanha 

Today, the 30th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30) begins in the Amazonian city of Belém, Brazil. Since Belém was announced as host at COP28 in Dubai in 2023, Indigenous Peoples and local and Afro-descendant communities have been mobilizing across continents. After nearly two years – through local, national, and international gatherings – they arrive as leaders ready to shape climate action, including forest and biodiversity conservation. 

The world’s largest tropical forests play a key role in stabilizing our global climate. Indigenous peoples and local communities manage or have tenure rights over a significant portion of these forests, including over half of all remaining intact tropical forests. Their stewardship is crucial for global biodiversity conservation and climate, often outperforming government-managed protected areas in preventing deforestation. In the Amazon Basin – where roughly 30% of the land is Indigenous territory – the conference offers a historic opportunity to recognize Indigenous Peoples as key climate actors.   Read More »

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Climate Finance, Unlocked: Takeaways from the Baku to Belém Roadmap

Windmills in New Zealand

Getty Images

By Zach Cohen, Policy & Research Manager, Global Engagement & Partnerships 

Yesterday’s release of the Baku to Belém Roadmap – issued by the COP29 and COP30 Presidencies – offers a clear and comprehensive pathway to rapidly scaling climate finance to developing countries over the next decade toward the $1.3 trillion goal agreed last November. With COP30 emphasizing implementation, we’re assessing how the Roadmap will help governments, the private sector, financiers, and communities move from planning to delivery. 

EDF participated in the consultation process for the Roadmap, providing recommendations through multiple submissions. Here’s what stands out, and where coordination and ambition will matter most in the months ahead:  Read More »

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Article 6 At A Glance: A Decade of Progress and What’s Next

Aerial forest landscape photo

Johnny Lye. iStock

By Pedro Martins Barata

The world needs every effective tool to cut pollution quickly and fairly – and Article 6 is one of them. It’s the Paris Agreement’s framework for countries to cooperate through carbon markets.  

Over the past decade, carbon markets and carbon credit integrity have significantly increased, rules have aligned, and this UN carbon crediting system has officially come online. This year in Belém, COP30 isn’t about renegotiating those rules; it’s about making them work – and making sure nature is part of the picture so finance reaches the people and ecosystems that can deliver near-term climate wins.  Read More »

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Two voices, one opportunity: Choosing climate action over crisis at COP30

COP30 Belem 2025

Photo: UN Climate Change/ Lara Murillo

By Angela Churie Kallhauge

The upcoming United Nations climate negotiations, COP30 in Belém, Brazil, is a milestone moment to reflect on progress made and the path ahead. It’s undeniable that the journey to a climate-resilient world has been turbulent, especially as we wrestle with the reality of political pushback, disengagement, and finance shortfalls faced in several countries.  

This year, in particular, has delivered a barrage of mixed messages that make the path ahead feel fractured. 

In one ear, we hear loud, often politically charged distraction. Climate deniers actively push back on climate policies under the guise of economic prosperity. 

But in the other ear, we hear opportunity. While that negative voice appears louder, the other, the voice of opportunity, is more robust.  

In spite of the headwinds, that voice of opportunity is backed up by reality. And by clear scientific and economic evidence: The economic case for climate action has never been stronger.  For example, there is more investment in clean energy than ever before. Renewable energy is forecast to meet over 90 percent of the global electricity demand growth through 2030. 

What’s more is that this voice is not singular, but rather a chorus of voices belonging to a whole-of-society effort — not just governments, but communities and companies, Indigenous Peoples and investors — coming together to seize the opportunity. Public opinion remains strongly in support, with 80 percent of people globally and 66 percent of people in the United States welcoming stronger climate action.  In the private sector, a review of 75 top companies showed that 53 percent are holding firm to their climate commitments and 32 percent are expanding their efforts. For the first time, over 1,000 Indigenous Peoples are accredited to join COP30.  

The question for all of us is: Which voice do we choose to hear? Do we listen to the unsubstantiated defender of the status quo, or the voices from across society acting on the evidence that climate action is the biggest opportunity of our lifetime?  

At EDF, our choice is clear: we need to amplify the voices of those who see the opportunity of climate action – businesses, communities, and civil society alike – to galvanize governments negotiating at COP30 to boost their ambition and champion true solutions 

Here are the major issues we’ll be watching at the COP:
Read More »

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The Role of INGOs in Conservation Has Never Been More Vital

IUCN World Conservation Congress 2025 panel, ‘From Exclusion to Empowerment: Transforming Conservation Finance to Uphold Indigenous Rights’. Panelists, left to right: Malih Ole Kaunga (Founder and Executive Director, IMPACT Kenya), Stefanie Lang (Executive Director, Legacy Landscapes Fund), Annie Mark (Senior Director, Global Partnerships, Environmental Defense Fund) and Joan Carling (Executive Director, Indigenous Peoples Rights International)

IUCN World Conservation Congress 2025 panel, ‘From Exclusion to Empowerment: Transforming Conservation Finance to Uphold Indigenous Rights’. Panelists, left to right: Malih Ole Kaunga (Founder and Executive Director, IMPACT Kenya), Stefanie Lang (Executive Director, Legacy Landscapes Fund), Annie Mark (Senior Director, Global Partnerships, Environmental Defense Fund) and Joan Carling (Executive Director, Indigenous Peoples Rights International)

By Aarthi Sivaraman and Annie Mark

Our world is at a crossroads today. The biodiversity crisis is accelerating, with forests, rivers, and ecosystems that sustain people and wildlife under the growing strain of climate shocks. Worryingly, the global commitment to conservation funding is wavering even as the stakes rise. 

For example, Germany, long a leader in financing Indigenous tenure rights, is openly debating cuts, while development and climate finance face serious headwinds in the United States. Around the world, conservation is at risk of slipping down the agenda. But here’s the problem: the demand for action has never been louder. 

We know this because Environmental Defense Fund, along with its partners in the Coalition for Nature & People undertook research across Brazil, Zambia, and Indonesia to better understand how conservation projects funded by Official Development Assistance (ODA) are perceived and experienced by communities.  

Read More »

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Financing Forest Conservation: Guiding Quality Forest Finance in the Baku to Belém Roadmap

Aerial view of a Costa Rican rainforest. Flickr/ Francisco Guerrero 2020

By Mark Moroge and Zach Cohen 

At this November’s UN Climate Conference in Belém, progress on climate finance will be measured not just in pledges, but in delivery – including for forests, which are critical to regulating the climate, sustaining biodiversity, and supporting millions of people. The driving question: how do we get more money to the people conserving critical ecosystems at the speed and scale needed to make a difference? 

Last year’s climate conference in Baku set an ambitious goal to mobilize $1.3 trillion by 2035 for developing countries. Over the coming months, countries will provide inputs on a ‘Baku to Belém Roadmap’, guiding public and private sectors to deliver on this target. While scaling climate finance is essential, so is ensuring its quality. Strengthening the affordability, accessibility, and effectiveness of climate funding must be priorities to catalyze transformative action. 

As the Baku to Belém Roadmap takes shape, these principles of quality cannot just be abstractions – they need to be translated within specific sectors and contexts. This is especially true for the forest sector, where stakeholders face underlying barriers to securing the financing they need, and where there are ripe opportunities to unlock new resources, from leveraging public money to catalyze private investment, to deploying innovative models like the Tropical Forests Forever Facility.  Read More »

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