{"id":1336,"date":"2026-03-20T22:22:37","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T22:22:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/?p=1336"},"modified":"2026-03-21T22:00:32","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T22:00:32","slug":"western-us-water-bankruptcy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/2026\/03\/20\/western-us-water-bankruptcy\/","title":{"rendered":"Is the western U.S. experiencing a \u201cwater bankruptcy?\u201d\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Because March 22 was designated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/observances\/water-day\">World Water Day<\/a> by the United Nations, I thought it made sense to revisit the U.N.\u2019s recent report, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/unu.edu\/inweh\/collection\/global-water-bankruptcy\">Global Water Bankruptcy: Living Beyond Our Hydrological Means in the Post-Crisis Era<\/a>,\u201d which I read during a trip to Dakar for planning meetings for the U.N. Water Conference in December.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With much of the EDF Water Team\u2019s work concentrated in the western United States, I inevitably read the report through a western water lens. What struck me most is that some parts of the West have already begun adopting the report\u2019s recommendations, such as California with the <a href=\"https:\/\/water.ca.gov\/programs\/groundwater-management\/sgma-groundwater-management\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act<\/a> (SGMA), while others seem to be avoiding them, such as the Colorado River Basin.<br><br>Despite its dire diagnosis, the report was still inspiring with its calls for transformative institutional frameworks and a new global water agenda, using the 2026 and 2028 U.N. Water Conferences as milestones to reset how water is governed worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I agree that many water systems have crossed critical tipping points that require fundamentally different governance to prevent further collapse. But I couldn\u2019t help thinking that waiting until 2028 to take meaningful action on a global water agenda is too late. Communities are already seeing groundwater wells go dry. Water levels in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hcn.org\/articles\/the-coming-failure-of-glen-canyon-dam\/\">Lake Powell<\/a> are falling to perilously low levels that could threaten energy generation and water deliveries. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2026\/03\/17\/texas-corpus-christi-water-emergency-city-council-meeting\/\">Corpus Christi<\/a>, Texas, could run out of water next year. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Meg2xVMEOTo\">India<\/a>, where EDF also works, farmers have committed suicide under the crushing pressure of debt associated with drilling deeper bore wells. It\u2019s clear that we need a new actionable global water agenda now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sharing Water Saving Farms: Community Solutions for Water Scarcity\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bwzBkoZ4kZw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Water bankruptcy \u2014 and a fresh start<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The U.N. report introduces the term \u201cwater bankruptcy\u201d because the often-repeated phrase \u201cwater crisis\u201d no longer adequately describes the situation we\u2019re in.<del><\/del><br><br>In many basins, aquifers and ecosystems, the combination of chronic overdraft, ecological degradation and crossed tipping points signals a transition to <strong>water bankruptcy<\/strong>: a persistent post-crisis condition in which water use has exceeded renewable inflows and safe depletion limits, and the old normal cannot be restored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Crisis management is designed to absorb a shock and return a system to something close to its previous state \u2014 if only we can survive this drought, repair this dam or wait out the next dry year. Bankruptcy is different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In finance, bankruptcy is declared when spending beyond one\u2019s means has accumulated into unsustainable debt. While it\u2019s an admission of failure, it is also the first step toward a fresh start: claims are written down, expectations are reset and a more realistic balance sheet is negotiated to prevent further collapse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Declaring a water bankruptcy serves a similar function. It creates the political and institutional space to move beyond the illusion that past conditions can be restored, and instead design governance frameworks to prevent further collapse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly, declaring a water bankruptcy is the first step toward a fresh start with improved governance frameworks aimed not at returning to the baseline but preventing further collapse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/\/Screenshot-2026-03-19-at-5.17.22-PM-1024x572.png\" alt=\"Text box defining water bankruptcy\" class=\"wp-image-1340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Screenshot-2026-03-19-at-5.17.22-PM-1024x572.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Screenshot-2026-03-19-at-5.17.22-PM-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Screenshot-2026-03-19-at-5.17.22-PM-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Screenshot-2026-03-19-at-5.17.22-PM-1536x858.png 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Screenshot-2026-03-19-at-5.17.22-PM-20x11.png 20w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Screenshot-2026-03-19-at-5.17.22-PM.png 1554w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A<strong>nthropogenic drought<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While the details vary by geography, the report highlights two key drivers of water bankruptcy that are all too familiar in the western U.S.<br>&nbsp;<br>The first is \u201canthropogenic drought\u201d \u2014 chronic water deficits driven largely by human activity rather than natural variability alone. Overallocation, groundwater depletion, land and soil degradation, deforestation, pollution, and climate change all contribute. Western North America is explicitly named among the regions experiencing this kind of drought.<br>&nbsp;<br>More than 1.8 billion people were living under drought conditions in 2022\u20132023. Drought-related damages total roughly $307 billion per year, and that figure is likely low as it predates the deadly Los Angeles fires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inertia and denial<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The second pathway is institutional inertia and denial. Even as evidence mounts, decision-makers continue operating under the assumption that the old normal will return. Water rights, subsidies and infrastructure investments reinforce overuse, while politically difficult decisions about demand reduction, reallocation and adaptation are postponed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But declaring water bankruptcy opens the door to resetting expectations, renegotiating claims and designing arrangements that are realistic and just, the report argues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This pattern closely mirrors California\u2019s experience before the severe <a href=\"https:\/\/water.ca.gov\/News\/News-Releases\/2024\/Sep-24\/SGMA-10-Year-Anniversary\">2012\u20132016 drought<\/a>, which ultimately forced lawmakers to confront groundwater overdraft and its very real impacts and pass historic groundwater legislation. Today, groundwater sustainability agencies are doing the difficult work of setting allocations and developing water budgets to balance groundwater demand and supply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other states such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.azag.gov\/ag-mayes-announces-riverview-settlement\">Arizona<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/grist.org\/regulation\/how-a-billionaires-plan-to-export-east-texas-groundwater-sparked-a-rural-uprising\/\">Texas<\/a> that were once ahead of California in managing groundwater are now facing the limits of their patchwork approaches amid the arrival of large, new water users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Colorado River Basin, where Lakes Mead and Powell remain at historically low levels and many areas are suffering a <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/2026\/03\/06\/snow-drought-west-signals-urgent-need-for-modernizing-water-management\/\">snow drought<\/a>, it\u2019s impossible to assume the old normal will return. Yet the inability to reach an agreement on new river guidelines suggests that some leaders continue to avoid politically difficult decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/\/lakemead_flicker_bor_christopherclark-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Mead with &quot;bathtub rings&quot; highlighting how low water levels have fallen in the largest reservoir in the United States.\" class=\"wp-image-1354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/lakemead_flicker_bor_christopherclark-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/lakemead_flicker_bor_christopherclark-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/lakemead_flicker_bor_christopherclark-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/lakemead_flicker_bor_christopherclark-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/lakemead_flicker_bor_christopherclark-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/lakemead_flicker_bor_christopherclark-20x13.jpg 20w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/lakemead_flicker_bor_christopherclark.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#8220;Bathtub rings&#8221; around Lake Mead highlight how low water levels have fallen in the largest reservoir in the United States. (Photo: Christopher Clark, USBR)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How do we respond to water bankruptcy?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The report diplomatically concludes that <strong>\u201cexisting governance and agendas are no longer fit for purpose.<\/strong>\u201d In many basins, the sum of legal water rights, informal expectations and development promises far exceeds today\u2019s hydrologic reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The report highlights that carefully transforming agriculture \u2014 the largest global water user \u2014 as central to any solution. Roughly 70% of global freshwater withdrawals go to agriculture, much of it from groundwater, an often-overlooked resource I was encouraged to see emphasized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some key groundwater stats:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>40%+ of irrigation worldwide comes from aquifers being steadily drained<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>70% of major global aquifers show long-term declines, many effectively irreversible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>50% of global domestic water now derived from groundwater<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In water-bankrupt systems, incremental efficiency gains are not enough if irrigated acreage, crop choices and production models remain misaligned with hydrologic realities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The report also cautions that abrupt allocation cuts or poorly designed subsidy reforms can devastate livelihoods and erode support for change. Instead, it rightfully calls for a just transition that reduces pressure on water while protecting farmers and rural communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This resonates in California, where roughly one million acres in the San Joaquin Valley are predicted to come out of production over the next two decades to balance groundwater supply and demand. The transition will be difficult. But programs like California\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/2026\/03\/10\/new-report-california-multibenefit-land-repurposing-program-surpasses-4800-acres-of-projects\/\">Multibenefit Land Repurposing Program<\/a> are helping to support a just transition, with nearly 5,000 acres of projects converting agricultural land to new uses that reduce groundwater pumping and deliver new benefits, such as lower water use crops, habitat, open space and flood mitigation. And the program is expected to ramp up significantly to meet <a href=\"https:\/\/sjvwater.org\/growers-eager-for-lifeline-being-offered-by-state-farmland-transition-program\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">growing demand for land repurposing<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/\/Tule_Capinero_AlpaughStudents-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Field with short yellow wildflowers that has been converted from irrigated agriculture to upload habitat.\" class=\"wp-image-1350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Tule_Capinero_AlpaughStudents-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Tule_Capinero_AlpaughStudents-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Tule_Capinero_AlpaughStudents-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Tule_Capinero_AlpaughStudents-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Tule_Capinero_AlpaughStudents-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Tule_Capinero_AlpaughStudents-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/110\/files\/Tule_Capinero_AlpaughStudents-20x15.jpg 20w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">One project funded by California\u2019s Multibenefit Land Repurposing Program (above) is restoring 467 acres of previously irrigated agricultural land to upload habitat, reducing groundwater use and supporting sensitive species. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>From local to global<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Water bankruptcy is experienced locally, but its drivers and consequences are increasingly global, the report notes. Food grown in overdrawn basins is shipped worldwide, and climate change is reshaping hydrology everywhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The report concludes change is needed at every scale \u2014 local, basin, national and global \u2014 with stronger international cooperation and a higher profile for water in U.N. efforts on climate change, biodiversity, and desertification. As we experience a record heat wave in the West \u2014 triple digits before April! \u2014 we are painfully familiar with these connections between water, climate change, desertification, biodiversity loss and wildfires. I look forward to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwater.org\/news\/2026-un-water-conference\">2026 U.N. Water Conference<\/a> and helping to sound the alarm about the urgent need for a new, transformative and action-focused global water agenda now.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Because March 22 was designated World Water Day by the United Nations, I thought it made sense to revisit the U.N.\u2019s recent report, \u201cGlobal Water Bankruptcy: Living Beyond Our Hydrological Means in the Post-Crisis Era,\u201d which I read during a trip to Dakar for planning meetings for the U.N. Water Conference in December. With much &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":1353,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,6,4,3,8,81,21,101,9,5],"tags":[15,34,43,17,38,82,26],"coauthors":[11],"class_list":["post-1336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","category-arizona","category-california","category-colorado-river","category-drought","category-global","category-groundwater","category-india","category-land-repurposing","category-texas","tag-agriculture","tag-california-water","tag-colorado-river","tag-drought","tag-groundwater","tag-groundwater-management","tag-sgma"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/127"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1336"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1336\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1371,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1336\/revisions\/1371"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1336"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/waterfront\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}