{"id":6476,"date":"2014-03-13T19:05:41","date_gmt":"2014-03-13T19:05:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/?p=6476"},"modified":"2014-03-13T21:21:28","modified_gmt":"2014-03-13T21:21:28","slug":"latest-epa-greenhouse-gas-inventory-may-not-reflect-full-scope-of-oil-and-gas-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2014\/03\/13\/latest-epa-greenhouse-gas-inventory-may-not-reflect-full-scope-of-oil-and-gas-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Latest EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory May Not Reflect Full Scope of Oil and Gas Emissions"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"david-lyon-287x377\"<\/a>The Environmental Protection Agency\u00a0recently released<\/a> its draft inventory of annual U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Reporting 2012 data, the inventory estimates methane emissions<\/a> coming from natural gas<\/a> and petroleum systems at around 7.6 million metric tons \u2013 that\u2019s enough natural gas to provide energy to over 7 million homes annually. This new estimate when compared with last year\u2019s report, which estimates emissions for the 2011 calendar year, shows overall methane emissions from natural gas and petroleum systems are 1.2 percent lower. Although this seems like good news, the new data is no cause for complacency, as it\u2019s important to understand the cause of the changes which requires closer examination.<\/p>\n

The draft inventory introduces some new methodological changes that reduce estimated emissions from previous years. The primary change was driven by the way EPA estimates emissions from gas well completions and workovers, the steps that follow hydraulic fracturing and clear liquids and sand from the well before production begins.<\/p>\n

EPA\u2019s previous calculation method first estimated the potential emissions from all well completions and workovers, assuming no emission controls were used, and then calculated actual emissions by subtracting estimated reductions resulting from compliance with state air regulations and from companies voluntarily participating in EPA\u2019s Natural Gas STAR Program. The new method<\/a> evolves the calculation to improve accuracy, using data from EPA\u2019s mandatory\u00a0GHG Reporting Program<\/a>,<\/span>\u00a0to directly estimate emissions from wells that do not control emissions and those that utilize some combination of control technologies (which will become\u00a0mandatory in 2015<\/a>\u00a0for most natural gas wells). Although the Reporting Program data better accounts for emission reductions from individual wells, EPA\u2019s method for determining the number of\u00a0overall\u00a0<\/i>well completions likely underrepresents total emissions from this source.<\/p>\n

Co-producing wells: an overlooked emission source?<\/b><\/p>\n

Another key issue is the way EPA estimates emissions from completions of oil-producing wells. Hydraulic fracturing is increasingly being used to develop new shale oil resources. Often times, depending on the geology, shale resources can either be explored for oil or natural gas. Given today\u2019s fuel prices, market forces are driving more onshore shale oil development. However, the inventory continues to base its emission estimates for these oil wells on data from the mid \u201890s pertaining to\u00a0conventional,\u00a0<\/i>non-fractured oil wells. Several data sources–including the GHG Reporting Program,\u00a0the UT Study<\/a>, and the\u00a0Stanford Novim study<\/a>— suggest that hydraulically fractured oil well completions have emissions more than a 100 times higher than the current estimate for conventional oil wells.<\/p>\n

Fortunately, the same techniques that will soon be required to control completion emissions from natural gas wells can also be applied to many hydraulically fractured oil-producing wells (which we call \u201cco-producing\u201d wells, because they frequently produce both gas and liquids). In a\u00a0white paper<\/a>, we summarize the data we have collected on emissions from oil-producing well completions, and what they tell us about the potential to cost-effectively reduce emissions from these wells.\u00a0(Further reading: EDF oil well completion analysis<\/a>, memorandum on oil and gas well completions<\/a>, analysis of effectiveness of initial production costs<\/a>, \u00a0analysis on co-producing wells<\/a>)<\/i><\/p>\n

Good data, better outcomes<\/b><\/p>\n

EPA\u2019s Greenhouse Gas Inventory is a great tool for improving our understanding of the impact human activity has on climate change, and it underscores that there is an urgent need to mitigate methane emissions from the oil and gas sector. At the same time, it is important that the inventory appropriately characterizes all of the significant sources of methane from this sector.\u00a0Accordingly, EDF has submitted comments asking EPA to include estimated emissions from oil well completions with hydraulic fracturing based on recent data such as the GHG Reporting Program, the UT study, and our analysis of well production data. Because drilling activity has shifted more and more towards oil-producing formations, we estimate that emissions from oil well completions are similar in scale to gas well completions.<\/p>\n

\"oilwellspicture\"<\/a>
Figure 1. US Petroleum and Other Liquids Supply, 1970-2040 (Source: EIA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It\u2019s also critical that EPA regulations addressing emissions from the oil and gas sector keep up with our improved understanding of the methane inventory. Consistent with our findings on emissions from co-producing well completions, we\u2019ve encouraged EPA to extend proven emission controls for well completions to oil and condensate-producing wells. These wells are largely unaddressed under EPA\u2019s current New Source Performance Standards for the oil and gas sector, which only require \u201cgreen completions\u201d for wells that are drilled for the purpose of producing natural gas (read the UT study FAQ<\/a> for more detail).<\/p>\n

Reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector is critical to protecting human health and the environment from climate change, and deep reductions in methane emissions are necessary both to slow the\u00a0near-term rate of climate change<\/a>\u00a0and to ensure that the use of natural gas in lieu of other fossil fuels yields\u00a0net climate benefits<\/a>. \u00a0Data and cost-effective technologies needed to secure these urgently-needed emission reductions are available and it is imperative that we deploy them swiftly.<\/p>\n

We\u2019ve submitted comments<\/a> to EPA to provide our suggestions and hope others will join us, as EPA is accepting\u00a0comments<\/a>\u00a0on the draft inventory until March 26, 2014.<\/p>\n

Tom\u00e1s Carbonell and Peter Zalzal contributed to this post.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Environmental Protection Agency\u00a0recently released its draft inventory of annual U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Reporting 2012 data, the inventory estimates methane emissions coming from natural gas and petroleum systems at around 7.6 million metric tons \u2013 that\u2019s enough natural gas to provide energy to over 7 million homes annually. This new estimate when compared with …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39904,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8015,439,1,55717,693],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-6476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-air-quality","category-climate","category-uncategorized","category-methane-2","category-natural-gas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLatest EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory May Not Reflect Full Scope of Oil and Gas Emissions - Energy Exchange<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2014\/03\/13\/latest-epa-greenhouse-gas-inventory-may-not-reflect-full-scope-of-oil-and-gas-emissions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Latest EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory May Not Reflect Full Scope of Oil and Gas Emissions - Energy Exchange\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Environmental Protection Agency\u00a0recently released its draft inventory of annual U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. 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