{"id":4948,"date":"2013-09-06T14:23:45","date_gmt":"2013-09-06T14:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/?p=4948"},"modified":"2013-09-09T20:38:46","modified_gmt":"2013-09-09T20:38:46","slug":"pennsylvania-could-take-the-lead-on-addressing-air-impacts-from-oil-and-gas-production","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2013\/09\/06\/pennsylvania-could-take-the-lead-on-addressing-air-impacts-from-oil-and-gas-production\/","title":{"rendered":"Pennsylvania Could Take The Lead On Addressing Air Impacts From Oil And Gas Production"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Source: Julia Schmalz\/Bloomberg<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

After being caught off guard by the early winds of the shale gale, Pennsylvania officials have been in a near-constant state of regulatory and legislative activity for the last few years, working to put rules in place to reduce the risks posed by the increase in natural gas development. <\/a>\u00a0We\u2019ve given PA high marks on some of those efforts, and we\u2019ve disagreed strenuously with others<\/a>. \u00a0But we believe in giving credit where credit is due \u2013 and the Keystone State certainly deserves credit for the long hours that officials and stakeholders have devoted to improving regulations.<\/p>\n

In some critical areas, such as reducing air pollution from leaky equipment located at natural gas processing plants and compressor stations, the Bureau of Air Quality at the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) has demonstrated real leadership.<\/p>\n

Now, DEP has revised its technical guidance document known as Exemption 38, narrowing the eligibility criteria for the air quality permit exemption.\u00a0 Astonishingly, under the previous version almost all<\/em> oil and gas production facilities were exempted<\/span> from the state\u2019s air quality requirements. Past guidance for Exemption 38 considered well sites and all the equipment associated with them to be \u201cminor sources\u201d \u2013 even though they can individually contribute to poor air quality conditions, particularly in densely populated areas. \u00a0\u00a0In Pennsylvania 90 percent of wells are concentrated in ten counties, with just three counties accounting for 50 percent of all wells. \u00a0Without proper pollution controls and monitoring, this intensive development can easily lead to unhealthy local air quality.<\/p>\n

In response to some of these concerns, the Pennsylvania DEP revised Exemption 38 to do a couple of things.<\/p>\n

First, it tightens the scope of the current exemption \u2013 limiting the availability of the exemption to only those facilities whose emissions fall below a certain threshold \u2013 and it provides a process by which industry must document within the initial 180 days of production that any well site claiming the exemption in fact qualifies for it. \u00a0While we think it would be wise to require such documentation earlier in the process, we also recognize that this is a marked improvement over the status quo \u2013 whereby the permit exemption was wide open to just about any well site operator, with no emissions limits and no documentation required.<\/p>\n

Second, the DEP now requires operators to implement pollution control strategies that go \u2018above and beyond\u2019 legal minimums in return for getting a permit exemption.\u00a0 We commend DEP for thinking outside the box and requiring exemption seekers to implement controls that are better than what federal and state law otherwise requires.<\/p>\n

One example of this is DEP\u2019s proposal to require operators check for and repair leaks (known as \u201cleak detection and repair\u201d or LDAR programs) at well sites annually.\u00a0 We believe leak detection should be performed far more frequently than once a year.\u00a0 Wyoming and California, for example, require certain operators to check for and repair leaks at well sites on a quarterly basis.\u00a0 And the PA DEP requires quarterly LDAR for compressor stations and processing facilities.\u00a0 We think the standard for well sites should be at least as strong.\u00a0 That said, we also recognize that the new LDAR requirement represents an important new step in the right direction \u2013 one that most oil and gas producing states have yet to take.<\/p>\n

Another of the \u2018above and beyond\u2019 measures requires operators to use enclosed flares on tanks and other equipment.\u00a0 Requiring enclosed rather than open flares, which are more prone to going out, is a no-brainer.\u00a0 And there are additional commonsense measures we\u2019d like to see DEP implement in the near future.\u00a0 For example, flares should be required to have continuous ignition devices to ensure they stay lit, and they should be required to operate at the highest efficiency levels. \u00a0Doing so guarantees a cleaner burn that will reduce emissions of the most harmful pollutants.<\/p>\n

While these and other aspects of the proposed Exemption 38 will improve operations at well sites, the fact remains that permit exemptions are inherently problematic.\u00a0 When operators get permit exemptions, regulatory agencies lose some of their ability to perform oversight responsibilities in a meaningful way.<\/p>\n

The permitting process is one of the first and most important opportunities state air quality engineers have to make sure operators are aware of and able to meet federal and state requirements.\u00a0 You\u2019d be surprised to hear how often companies don\u2019t know what they\u2019re supposed to do to comply with the law. \u00a0When you exempt operators from permitting, you lose a critical opportunity to correct these misunderstandings early on.<\/p>\n

Permitting also allows the state to consider what impacts new well sites might have on the region when combined with other local pollution sources.\u00a0 An accurate picture of the cumulative effect of multiple sources, especially in areas of concentrated gas development, allows the state to adjust controls to respond to actual air quality conditions.<\/p>\n

Finally, Exemption 38 offers very little in the way of enforceability. \u00a0To its credit, the final version of the permit exemption is much improved by the inclusion of detailed guidance to operators outlining the type of information they need to provide in order to document their eligibility for an exemption.\u00a0 However, we believe it is critical that any exemption program be coupled with detailed monitoring and reporting requirements; otherwise, regulators and the public have no assurance that oil and gas operations are staying in compliance on an ongoing basis.\u00a0 As of now, such monitoring and reporting requirements are absent from Exemption 38.<\/p>\n

Ultimately, permit exemptions should be granted only sparingly, and they should be granted only in return for using the most cutting-edge pollution control strategies. \u00a0We commend the DEP for making important progress on these fronts.\u00a0 But any exemptions should also come with robust monitoring and reporting requirements that will guarantee that agencies such as the DEP \u2013the cops on the beat \u2013 will know what\u2019s really happening in the field.\u00a0 This is an area where more work needs to be done.\u00a0 The silver lining here is the DEP has shown in recent years that it\u2019s willing to keep plugging away at regulatory improvements, so we\u2019re hopeful we\u2019ll have an opportunity to work with the state to make these changes.\u00a0 Certainly, we must \u2013 the health of local communities is what\u2019s at stake.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

After being caught off guard by the early winds of the shale gale, Pennsylvania officials have been in a near-constant state of regulatory and legislative activity for the last few years, working to put rules in place to reduce the risks posed by the increase in natural gas development. \u00a0We\u2019ve given PA high marks on …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29476,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-4948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPennsylvania Could Take The Lead On Addressing Air Impacts From Oil And Gas Production - Energy Exchange<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2013\/09\/06\/pennsylvania-could-take-the-lead-on-addressing-air-impacts-from-oil-and-gas-production\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pennsylvania Could Take The Lead On Addressing Air Impacts From Oil And Gas Production - 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