{"id":4843,"date":"2013-08-22T14:33:31","date_gmt":"2013-08-22T14:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/?p=4843"},"modified":"2026-04-06T11:33:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T15:33:09","slug":"energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2013\/08\/22\/energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states\/","title":{"rendered":"Energy-Water Nexus Spans Across Western United States"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_4845\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4845\" style=\"width: 283px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/2013\/08\/us-drought-map-13-8-13.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4845\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/2013\/08\/us-drought-map-13-8-13-283x300.gif\" width=\"283\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/2013\/08\/us-drought-map-13-8-13-283x300.gif 283w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/2013\/08\/us-drought-map-13-8-13.gif 385w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4845\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: feww.wordpress.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Over the past few weeks, I\u2019ve written a number of posts to help shed light on the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2013\/07\/11\/its-time-our-policies-reflect-the-fact-that-energy-and-water-are-fundamentally-intertwined\/\">fundamental connection<\/a> between energy and water. Because many of our energy sources <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2013\/07\/25\/where-is-all-of-the-water-going-a-look-at-which-energy-resources-are-gulping-down-our-water\/\">gulp down<\/a> huge volumes of water, it\u2019s imperative that we break down the long-standing division between energy and water planning \u2014 especially in drought-prone states like <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2013\/08\/08\/energy-and-water-are-running-out-in-texas-but-its-not-too-late\/\">Texas<\/a>. I\u2019d like to take a step back and look at how Texas\u2019 neighbors are addressing energy and water co-management. While Texas may be an extreme example, looking toward its immediate neighbors could provide ideas and best practices to improve the state\u2019s situation.<\/p>\n<p>A number of western states are facing many of the same challenges as Texas. Electricity production is a major drain on the region\u2019s water supply. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.westernresourceadvocates.org\/water\/lifeline\/lifeline.pdf\">A study<\/a> co-authored by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.westernresourceadvocates.org\/\">Western Resource Advocates<\/a> and EDF showed that thermoelectric power plants, such as coal, natural gas and nuclear, in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada and Utah consumed an estimated 292 million gallons of water each day in 2005 \u2014 roughly equal to the amount of water consumed by Denver, Phoenix and Albuquerque <em>combined<\/em> (and we\u2019re talking water consumption, <a href=\"http:\/\/gracelinks.org\/1249\/water-use-withdrawal-and-consumption-what-does-it-all-mean\">not just withdrawals<\/a>). Like Texas, the western states face a future of prolonged drought. Scientific models predict climate change will <a href=\"http:\/\/nca2009.globalchange.gov\/southwest#Future_of_Drought_in_the_Southwest\">increase drought<\/a> throughout the Southwest, placing greater stress on the region\u2019s delicate water supply.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, electricity production, numerous thirsty cities and widespread agricultural activity all strain the water system, too. Because so many flock to western states for fishing, kayaking, rafting and other recreational water activities, setting the region\u2019s water system on a sustainable path is a critical economic issue. The exceptional challenges facing western states have already prompted some states to consider the energy-water nexus when planning to meet future water and electricity needs.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Arizona<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4844\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4844\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/2013\/08\/Palo-Verde-Nuclear-Center_Source-SouthwestClimateChange.org_.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4844\" alt=\"Palo Verde Nuclear Center. Source: SouthwestClimateChange.org\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/2013\/08\/Palo-Verde-Nuclear-Center_Source-SouthwestClimateChange.org_-300x208.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/2013\/08\/Palo-Verde-Nuclear-Center_Source-SouthwestClimateChange.org_-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/2013\/08\/Palo-Verde-Nuclear-Center_Source-SouthwestClimateChange.org_.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4844\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Palo Verde Nuclear Center. Source: SouthwestClimateChange.org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Arizona is at the forefront of innovative co-management policies that address the energy-water nexus. The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.azcc.gov\/\">Arizona Corporation Commission<\/a> (ACC), the state agency charged with regulating electricity, has considered water in its electric resource planning for over ten years \u2014 and as we have acknowledged before \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2013\/07\/25\/where-is-all-of-the-water-going-a-look-at-which-energy-resources-are-gulping-down-our-water\/\">water use is no small consideration<\/a>. The agency has gone so far as to deny permits for proposed natural gas power plants partially due to their impact on groundwater supplies. The ACC has also ordered <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aps.com\/en\/residential\/Pages\/home.aspx\">Arizona Public Service<\/a> (APS), the state\u2019s largest and longest-serving electric company, to consider building new solar farms, specifically noting solar energy\u2019s low-water needs. To APS\u2019 credit, the company has reported water consumption for its energy portfolio since 2009, although water has been a factor in energy planning for far longer than that. Since the 1980s, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.azein.gov\/azein\/Shared%20Resources\/PVNGS%20Media%20Kit\/Water%20Reclamation%20Facility_brochure.pdf\">Palo Verde nuclear plant<\/a> has used treated wastewater from the city of Phoenix rather than fresh water, successfully offsetting 20 billion gallons of fresh water consumption each year.<\/p>\n<p>One of Arizona\u2019s largest utilities, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.srpnet.com\/default.aspx\">Salt River Project (SRP)<\/a>, provides both water and electricity services to the Phoenix metropolitan area. Oddly enough, SRP considers water in its electric planning, but does not consider electricity in its water planning. In its electric planning, SRP estimates the monetary and social costs of new water supplies needed for power plants, but doesn\u2019t consider the explicit economic value of the water resource itself. Thus, despite SRP\u2019s admirable work on the energy-water nexus, it\u2019s not looking at the full picture.<\/p>\n<p>While the electric side of the equation is making strides to bridge energy and water planning, the water side is farther behind. An illustrative example is the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cap-az.com\/\">Central Arizona Project<\/a>, a 336-mile aqueduct that delivers 500 billion gallons of water per year to Tucson and Phoenix. In addition to being the largest and most expensive aqueduct system ever constructed in the United States, it is also the leading electricity user in Arizona. Each year, the aqueduct <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cap-az.com\/Portals\/1\/NGSFactSheet_February2011%20(2).pdf\">uses<\/a> 2.8 million megawatt-hours of energy (about a quarter of the energy produced by a coal-fired power plant) to move water across the desert and up mountains.<\/p>\n<p>Some areas of Arizona are working to reduce water\u2019s enormous energy footprint. For instance, the City of Tucson has a robust <a href=\"http:\/\/cms3.tucsonaz.gov\/water\/reclaimed\">water recycling program<\/a>. By using recycled water rather than drinking water for irrigation, the city <a href=\"http:\/\/cms3.tucsonaz.gov\/water\/reclaim-facts\">saves<\/a> enough water to provide for over 60,000 families each year, reducing the city\u2019s reliance on more energy-intensive freshwater supplies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Colorado<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Colorado is another state working to unite energy and water planning. The state\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.cfm?id=4850\">renewable portfolio standard<\/a>, passed by voters in 2004, highlights renewable energy\u2019s smaller water footprint. The state also encourages the Colorado Public Utilities Commission (PUC) to consider water resources in its electric planning and to include water usage when evaluating permits for new power plants. For the past three years, the state has required utilities to report water withdrawal and consumption information for all of their power plants.<\/p>\n<p>Notably, it seems Colorado policymakers have realized the energy-water nexus is a two-way street. In addition to the state\u2019s electric sector considering water use, the state\u2019s water planners intend to include a segment on the energy-water nexus in their upcoming <a href=\"http:\/\/cwcbweblink.state.co.us\/WebLink\/ElectronicFile.aspx?docid=171100&amp;searchid=c428f27e-6b83-4a97-908c-31bb6996cf74&amp;dbid=0\">state water plan<\/a>. Some Colorado cities have even stepped up to address the challenge.<\/p>\n<p>Fort Collins quantified its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as part of its <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fcgov.com\/climateprotection\/pdf\/climate_action_plan.pdf?1229621317\">Climate Action Plan<\/a> and, in the process, discovered that 26% of the city\u2019s GHGs came from its water and wastewater facilities. Within two years, city officials were able to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fcgov.com\/airquality\/pdf\/2011_CAPStatusReport_FINAL.pdf\">reduce electricity use<\/a> for water and wastewater by over 7%. Having a comprehensive climate action plan that acknowledges the connection between energy and water enabled city planners to identify novel energy savings and tackle the energy-water interconnection head on.<\/p>\n<p>While all of the western states are threatened by the effects of climate change and the energy-water nexus, some states are doing more to prepare than others. Western states should look to regional leaders, like Colorado and Arizona, as they develop policies to address this imminent challenge. Texas can learn from what other states in the West are doing. Our water and electricity planners should be looking at each other\u2019s sectors as a matter of course and adopting innovative solutions that reduce energy\u2019s water needs and water\u2019s energy needs for a sustainable future\u2014solutions I plan to investigate in my next post.<\/p>\n<p><em>This is one of a group of posts that examines the energy-water nexus, Texas\u2019 current approach to energy and water policy and what Texans can learn from other places to better manage its vital resources.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Over the past few weeks, I\u2019ve written a number of posts to help shed light on the fundamental connection between energy and water. Because many of our energy sources gulp down huge volumes of water, it\u2019s imperative that we break down the long-standing division between energy and water planning \u2014 especially in drought-prone states like &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7471,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[439,735,27600],"tags":[40293,84855,224,663],"coauthors":[114222],"class_list":["post-4843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate","category-energy-water-nexus","category-utilities","tag-arizona","tag-colorado","tag-energy","tag-water"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Energy-Water Nexus Spans Across Western United States - Energy Exchange<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2013\/08\/22\/energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Energy-Water Nexus Spans Across Western United States - Energy Exchange\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Over the past few weeks, I\u2019ve written a number of posts to help shed light on the fundamental connection between energy and water. Because many of our energy sources gulp down huge volumes of water, it\u2019s imperative that we break down the long-standing division between energy and water planning \u2014 especially in drought-prone states like ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2013\/08\/22\/energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Energy Exchange\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-08-22T14:33:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-06T15:33:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/2013\/08\/us-drought-map-13-8-13-283x300.gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kate Zerrenner\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@KateZerrenner\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kate Zerrenner\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/22\\\/energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/22\\\/energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kate Zerrenner\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c9edbe68edc1e8b42a706ed32dc3a3f2\"},\"headline\":\"Energy-Water Nexus Spans Across Western United States\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-08-22T14:33:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-06T15:33:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/22\\\/energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1094,\"commentCount\":1,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/22\\\/energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/wp-content\\\/blogs.dir\\\/38\\\/files\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/us-drought-map-13-8-13-283x300.gif\",\"keywords\":[\"Arizona\",\"Colorado\",\"energy\",\"Water\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Climate\",\"Energy-Water Nexus\",\"Utility Business Models\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/22\\\/energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/22\\\/energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2013\\\/08\\\/22\\\/energy-water-nexus-spans-across-western-united-states\\\/\",\"name\":\"Energy-Water Nexus Spans Across Western United States - 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