{"id":24122,"date":"2025-11-20T17:28:59","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T22:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/?p=24122"},"modified":"2025-12-03T13:27:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T18:27:29","slug":"flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2025\/11\/20\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\/","title":{"rendered":"Flawed hydrogen tax credit implementation could undermine billions in U.S. projects"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/\/h2_january_2023-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-24125\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/\/h2_january_2023-4-1024x550.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/h2_january_2023-4-1024x550.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/h2_january_2023-4-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/h2_january_2023-4-768x413.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/h2_january_2023-4.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DOE\u2019s opaque changes to emissions model risk U.S. competitiveness and global credibility.<\/li>\n<li>EDF finds that the changes could let fossil hydrogen projects claim methane emissions rates up to nine times lower than real-world measurements, cutting reported carbon intensity\u00a0nearly in\u00a0half and steering billions in credits toward hydrogen that\u00a0wouldn\u2019t\u00a0meet U.S. or EU standards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The section 45V clean hydrogen production tax credit, signed into law in 2022, was designed as an incentive to drive investment toward truly clean hydrogen production, giving U.S. companies a boost to produce cleaner energy, provide quality jobs and gain long-term advantage in an increasingly competitive global market for cleaner fuels. Now, the current administration\u2019s flawed implementation of section 45V is undermining these goals, risking U.S. energy competitiveness and credibility on the global market, along with billions in taxpayer dollars and private investments.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The law requires hydrogen producers claiming the tax credit to meet a minimum level of greenhouse gas emissions performance and provides higher levels of credit to incentivize the cleanest forms of production (up to $3\/kg for near-zero-emission production, and up to $1\/kg for other low-carbon production). Ensuring hydrogen production is truly clean requires a rigorous, standardized approach for determining lifecycle GHG emissions. Any defects in that approach could undermine Congress\u2019s goals by subsidizing (at taxpayer expense) high-polluting hydrogen, setting back the development of the clean hydrogen industry in the U.S.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In recent months, the U.S. Department of Energy has made<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/library.edf.org\/AssetLink\/xjxi00166381c4grdc2b7kimff06gp28.pdf?_gl=1*1aw6wip*_gcl_au*ODU1NjgzNzc0LjE3NTQzNDAzMjM.*_ga*MTQzNjAwMjE0My4xNzU0MzE2OTc5*_ga_2B3856Y9QW*czE3NjEyMzM4MTIkbzQzJGcxJHQxNzYxMjMzODQ0JGoyOCRsMCRoMA..\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">behind-the-scenes changes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the model that calculates a hydrogen producer\u2019s GHG intensity for 45V tax credit purposes, without a public process or transparency. This move could result in lasting damage to the U.S.\u2019s global competitiveness and credibility, and progress on emissions reductions \u2014 not to mention the risk of creating greater regulatory uncertainty and wasting taxpayer resources on hydrogen production that isn\u2019t truly clean. For companies planning expensive and long-term hydrogen projects, that should be a big red flag.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although presented as technical updates, many of these changes represent substantive policy shifts, conflicting with the existing regulations under which billions in tax credits may be awarded.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Changes made to 45V methane rates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In May and June this year, DOE updated, without public notice or input, how the model treats upstream methane emissions for hydrogen produced with natural gas. These revisions allow companies to provide their own methane emissions rates across different segments of the natural gas supply chain rather than use default rates provided by DOE. In so doing, DOE has opened the door for companies seeking the tax credit to \u201ccherry-pick\u201d methane emissions figures that maximize their tax benefits by selecting either a default emissions rate or the methane emissions they report to the Environmental Protection Agency. Making matters worse, EPA has simultaneously proposed to suspend the very methane emissions reporting requirements that underpin DOE\u2019s updates. This risks substantially undercounting emissions for hydrogen production and awarding companies higher tax credits than permitted under the law.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, a company could now claim their methane leak rate is only 0.1%, based on their reporting to EPA \u2014 even though EPA methods have been <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/media\/new-study-finds-us-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-are-60-percent-higher-epa-reports-0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">widely shown<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to underestimate compared to real-world measurements, including satellite data. This number is nine times lower than the model\u2019s default methane rate (0.9%) \u2014 and even that is an underestimate if the gas was sourced from the Permian Basin. In total, DOE\u2019s recent actions could allow hydrogen producers to underestimate their GHG emissions by nearly half. For example, a Gulf Coast project with 95% carbon capture could claim to achieve 1.85 kgCO2e\/kgH2 using DOE\u2019s methods, while an independent verifier would find it doesn\u2019t even meet the European Union\u2019s legal cutoff of 3.38 kgCO2e\/kgH2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Notably, the Department of the Treasury specifically anticipated these underestimation and cherry-picking concerns when it issued its final hydrogen tax credit regulations in January 2025 following years of stakeholder engagement and tens of thousands of public comments \u2014 which is why the regulations specifically prohibit taxpayers from choosing between the default rate and the taxpayer-reported emission rate across different segments of the supply chain. DOE\u2019s changes to the model contradict these regulations.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DOE\u2019s recent actions risk awarding huge sums of taxpayer dollars to companies producing so-called low-carbon hydrogen, but which doesn\u2019t achieve the requirements set by Congress. Furthermore, if DOE made additional changes that have been proposed, such as allowing renewable natural gas blending, an even more dramatic discounting of emissions could occur. EDF and allies recently <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/media\/edf-and-partners-send-formal-letter-sharing-legal-and-scientific-concerns-about-0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sent a letter<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to Treasury and DOE detailing our concerns with this approach.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Credibility of U.S. hydrogen hangs in the balance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The unvetted changes to the model could funnel billions of dollars toward hydrogen projects that deliver little to no climate benefit, risking public trust in U.S. clean hydrogen as a viable solution in the energy transition. As global certification schemes are established to validate hydrogen imports, U.S. producers who rely on faulty data or methodologies could see themselves shut out from the future clean fuel trade, as markets around the world increasingly demand certified and verified low-emission fuels.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decisions made for hydrogen reach far beyond this market: every hydrogen derivative \u2014 from ammonia and e-methanol to sustainable aviation fuels \u2014 depends on credible, clean hydrogen production. Aviation and shipping are looking to these fuels to decarbonize. Steel and iron are testing hydrogen as a replacement for fossil feedstocks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although current headwinds may slow progress, the global momentum toward cleaner fuels is continuing \u2014 driven by real market demand and necessity. Countries are competing to lead the development of these clean fuels for domestic and international markets. And major demand centers, including the EU and Asia, are putting the frameworks in place to ensure high-integrity products from producers.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supranational and national policies, such as the EU\u2019s ReFuelEU Aviation and FuelEU Maritime regulations and country SAF mandates (including UK, China and Japan), along with international efforts to decarbonize important sectors of the global economy, such as International Maritime Organization and International Civil Aviation Society targets and initiatives, will continue to drive demand for cleaner fuels. Japan and South Korea are working to improve transparency around methane accounting, while the EU is in the process of establishing an import standard requiring verified low-methane content for fuels.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The current administration\u2019s changes to 45V implementation place U.S. producers at risk of falling behind the minimum standards of accuracy and transparency on emissions set by other jurisdictions. This could leave U.S. companies excluded from selling their product to key markets, losing out to other producers governed by enabling transparency and accountability measures.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The onus is now on companies to show accountability and emissions data integrity <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogen projects, with more than 20-year time horizons, are being developed today, making it essential to build solid foundations for long-term sustainability and growth. Companies know this: clear guidance is necessary to facilitate stable investment decisions. DOE\u2019s opaque changes to 45V implementation risk undermining the future of U.S. hydrogen production.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Restoring integrity to 45V is not just about fixing a model \u2014 it\u2019s one crucial step to restoring trust across U.S. energy systems to prospective customers seeking long-term buyer-seller partnerships, and beyond.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both regulators and industry leaders should act now to restore integrity and clarity to 45V to ensure long-term U.S. competitiveness and credibility. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DOE\u2019s opaque changes to emissions model risk U.S. competitiveness and global credibility. EDF finds that the changes could let fossil hydrogen projects claim methane emissions rates up to nine times lower than real-world measurements, cutting reported carbon intensity\u00a0nearly in\u00a0half and steering billions in credits toward hydrogen that\u00a0wouldn\u2019t\u00a0meet U.S. or EU standards.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":153081,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[114052],"class_list":["post-24122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Flawed hydrogen tax credit implementation could undermine billions in U.S. projects - Energy Exchange<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2025\/11\/20\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Flawed hydrogen tax credit implementation could undermine billions in U.S. projects - Energy Exchange\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"DOE\u2019s opaque changes to emissions model risk U.S. competitiveness and global credibility. EDF finds that the changes could let fossil hydrogen projects claim methane emissions rates up to nine times lower than real-world measurements, cutting reported carbon intensity\u00a0nearly in\u00a0half and steering billions in credits toward hydrogen that\u00a0wouldn\u2019t\u00a0meet U.S. or EU standards.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2025\/11\/20\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Energy Exchange\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-20T22:28:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-03T18:27:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/\/h2_january_2023-4.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"645\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Edwin LaMair\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Edwin LaMair\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/20\\\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/20\\\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Edwin LaMair\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0498b2df9ce4bacb6cd135b26a433255\"},\"headline\":\"Flawed hydrogen tax credit implementation could undermine billions in U.S. projects\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-20T22:28:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-03T18:27:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/20\\\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1232,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/20\\\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/wp-content\\\/blogs.dir\\\/38\\\/files\\\/\\\/h2_january_2023-4-1024x550.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"General\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/20\\\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/energyexchange\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/20\\\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\\\/\",\"name\":\"Flawed hydrogen tax credit implementation could undermine billions in U.S. projects - 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EDF finds that the changes could let fossil hydrogen projects claim methane emissions rates up to nine times lower than real-world measurements, cutting reported carbon intensity\u00a0nearly in\u00a0half and steering billions in credits toward hydrogen that\u00a0wouldn\u2019t\u00a0meet U.S. or EU standards.","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2025\/11\/20\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\/","og_site_name":"Energy Exchange","article_published_time":"2025-11-20T22:28:59+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-03T18:27:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":645,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/\/h2_january_2023-4.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Edwin LaMair","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Edwin LaMair","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2025\/11\/20\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2025\/11\/20\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\/"},"author":{"name":"Edwin LaMair","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/#\/schema\/person\/0498b2df9ce4bacb6cd135b26a433255"},"headline":"Flawed hydrogen tax credit implementation could undermine billions in U.S. projects","datePublished":"2025-11-20T22:28:59+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-03T18:27:29+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2025\/11\/20\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\/"},"wordCount":1232,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2025\/11\/20\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/38\/files\/\/h2_january_2023-4-1024x550.jpg","articleSection":["General"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2025\/11\/20\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2025\/11\/20\/flawed-hydrogen-tax-credit-implementation-could-undermine-billions-in-u-s-projects\/","name":"Flawed hydrogen tax credit implementation could undermine billions in U.S. projects - 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