{"id":23512,"date":"2024-10-30T08:10:25","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T12:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/?p=23512"},"modified":"2024-11-14T10:39:46","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T15:39:46","slug":"road-to-cop29-will-hydrogen-help-us-meet-our-climate-goals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2024\/10\/30\/road-to-cop29-will-hydrogen-help-us-meet-our-climate-goals\/","title":{"rendered":"Road to COP29: Will hydrogen help us meet our climate goals?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>With COP29<\/span>\u200b<\/span> just around the corner, the reality of how far we still have <\/span>\u200b<\/span>to go to meet global climate goals is coming into focus<\/span>\u200b\u200b<\/span>. <\/span>\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b<\/span>A <\/span>new United Nations (UN) Climate Change report<\/span><\/a> finds \u201c<\/span>current national climate plans fall miles short of what\u2019s needed<\/span>\u201d. <\/span>Similarly, the UN Environment Programme<\/span> rep<\/span>orts<\/span><\/a> that national pledges would only reduce emissions 4-10% below 2019 levels by 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet, hydrogen is one of the climate opportunities that governments, industry and investors are excited about. Hundreds of billions of dollars in investment, as well as more than 50 national hydrogen strategies and roadmaps, have been put on the table to develop it. And the COP29 Presidency is focusing on putting those plans into action<\/a>, with a new declaration that lays out what is required to address regulatory, technological, financing and standardization barriers to market acceleration.<\/p>\n

Notably this includes a call for actions to ensure hydrogen deployment achieves maximum climate benefits. This is the crucial point if we want to avoid hydrogen becoming just another failed climate strategy. Whether labeled zero emission or low carbon, hydrogen is not \u200ba silver\u200b\u200b\u200b bullet: Poorly deployed, it can produce limited climate benefits, or even be worse for the climate<\/a> in the near term (20 years from now) than the fossil systems it is slated to replace. This is because hydrogen is highly energy intensive to produce, and its production, management and use can trigger climate-warming emissions\u200b.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Governments and global leaders must be clear-eyed about the benefits and risks of hydrogen development \u2014 which requires robust climate accounting, grounded in \u200bthe \u200blatest climate science, real data and strong \u200bverification\u200b\u200b\u200b protocols.<\/p>\nRoad to COP29: Will hydrogen help us meet our climate goals? <\/a><\/span>Share on X<\/a><\/span>\n

Four\u200b\u200b key considerations, in particular, deserve careful attention when we\u2019re thinking about global and national policy frameworks and standards as we head into COP29 and beyond:<\/p>\n

1. Credible accounting for upstream <\/strong>\u200b\u200bmethane emissions<\/strong><\/p>\n

For hydrogen made from natural gas, upstream methane emissions have an outsized influence over whether the resulting hydrogen is beneficial for the climate. A potent climate-warming gas, methane has more than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide in the first 20 years after release.<\/p>\n

But the accounting frameworks currently under consideration for hydrogen are antiquated \u2013 relying on outdated (and under-accounted for) national methane leak estimates. They risk undermining a decade of work by the international communit<\/a>y to set high standards for monitoring,<\/a> reporting and mitigating<\/a> methane emissions.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u200bData from recent satellite-based studies<\/a> show that methane emissions from oil and gas production are 30% higher than what countries report to the UN. \u200bAdditionally, \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200brelying \u200b\u200bon \u200bsingle national average\u200bs\u200b \u200balso \u200bobscures significant geographic variations. For example, a fossil hydrogen facility sourcing methane from the Uinta basin in the U.S. would generate more than double the emissions<\/a> than the national average \u2014 equivalent to ignoring the annual emissions of 3 to 4 natural gas-fired power plants.<\/p>\n

Credible\u200b accounting\u200b standards should instead require current measurements of gas-producing basins, based on independent data \u2014 such as from satellites \u2014 paired with verified, high-quality industry data (such as via the Oil and Gas Methane Partnership 2.0 Level 5 framework<\/a>). This type of integrated data will be available starting in 2025 through the UN\u2019s International Methane Observatory.<\/a><\/p>\n

And because methane is\u200b a\u200b short-lived climate pollutant, we must consider both longer-term warming (using the standard 100-year timeframe, or GWP100) and the shorter-term metric of 20 years (GWP20).<\/p>\n

2. Verified carbon capture and storage rates<\/strong><\/p>\n

When carbon capture is deployed\u200b,\u200b to clean up fossil-based hydrogen facilities, what matters is the actual volume captured and stored. Most of today’s carbon capture systems are designed to only capture 65% of carbon emitted. To call hydrogen clean, that needs to be at least \u200b\u200b95%. And even when\u200b\u200b system\u200bs\u200b are\u200b designed to capture 95%, that do\u200b\u200bes not mean \u200bthey will\u200b. Actual capture rates can be lower based on any number of factors, such as shut-downs or system malfunctions.<\/p>\n

Similarly, \u200b\u200b\u200bunless the most rigorous steps have been taken, captured carbon that is stored underground could leak over time, undermining the claim that a hydrogen facility is a durable low-carbon solution.<\/p>\n

Bottomline, carbon capture and storage facilities have to \u200bbe very well designed and operated. And robust monitoring, reporting and verification (of both the captured and stored carbon) are essential so that we know\u200b that fossil-based hydrogen facilities are meeting their climate targets.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Expanding clean electricity production (rather than <\/strong>\u200bcompeting<\/strong>\u200b\u200b for it)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Producing renewable hydrogen requires a lot of electricity. \u200bFor those production facilities that are connected to the power grid, this increasing demand could easily trigger more generation from gas or coal-fired power plants. The result could be renewable hydrogen, intended to be zero emission, that actually increases climate pollution.<\/p>\n

It is essential, then, that new, hourly-matched clean power is brought online to keep pace with increasing hydrogen production. The most direct way to do this is through behind the meter systems, where the hydrogen production facility is directly connected with the new wind or solar farm that supplies its energy during the hours the electrolyzer is running.<\/p>\n

Most systems, however, are expected to be connected to an electrical grid and will rely upon market mechanisms such as renewable energy credits to invest indirectly in renewable power generation. Robust standards for these RECs<\/a>, such as those already enacted by the European Union, will be crucial for determining whether or not renewable hydrogen can be considered \u201czero-emission\u201d.<\/p>\n

4. Managing hydrogen emissions<\/strong><\/p>\n

Although often overlooked, hydrogen emissions must be factored into decision-making frameworks and management practices. Hydrogen itself is an indirect greenhouse gas that causes warming when released into the atmosphere. Recent studies<\/a> by atmospheric scientists have found hydrogen to have 37 times the warming power of CO2<\/sub> in the first 20 years.<\/p>\n

Moreover, hydrogen is a\u200b\u200b\u200b small, leak-prone molecule\u200b that\u200b\u200b can easily\u200b escape into the atmosphere if extreme care is not taken to contain it. Studies<\/a> even show that certain materials, like the steel generally used in natural gas pipelines, are not s\u200bt\u200brong enough to safely contain hydrogen, which is known to accelerate cracking. Hydrogen is also intentionally vented and purged as part of standard operational practices.<\/p>\n

Based on modeling, scientists and engineers estimate<\/a> that emission rates could range anywhere from \u200bwell-\u200bbelow 1% to above 20%. Now we need real-world data from field measurements of various types of facilities and infrastructure, so that we can verify these estimates and develop the technical and operational best practices necessary to minizine hydrogen losses \u2014 a need recently highlighted in the International Energy Agency\u2019s annual Global Hydrogen Review<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ultimately, hydrogen has real potential as a decarbonization tool. But\u00a0every hydrogen project must be guided by science and\u00a0evaluated according to its actual ability to drive down climate-warming emissions. On the road to COP29, we\u2019re urging all leaders and decisionmakers to put the systems in place necessary to make hydrogen the most successful climate solution it can be.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

With COP29\u200b just around the corner, the reality of how far we still have \u200bto go to meet global climate goals is coming into focus\u200b\u200b. \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bA new United Nations (UN) Climate Change report finds \u201ccurrent national climate plans fall miles short of what\u2019s needed\u201d. Similarly, the UN Environment Programme reports that national pledges would only …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139807,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[114119],"class_list":["post-23512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRoad to COP29: Will hydrogen help us meet our climate goals? - Energy Exchange<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2024\/10\/30\/road-to-cop29-will-hydrogen-help-us-meet-our-climate-goals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Road to COP29: Will hydrogen help us meet our climate goals? - Energy Exchange\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"With COP29\u200b just around the corner, the reality of how far we still have \u200bto go to meet global climate goals is coming into focus\u200b\u200b. \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bA new United Nations (UN) Climate Change report finds \u201ccurrent national climate plans fall miles short of what\u2019s needed\u201d. 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