{"id":17734,"date":"2018-05-02T22:56:18","date_gmt":"2018-05-03T02:56:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/?p=17734"},"modified":"2018-05-03T10:53:16","modified_gmt":"2018-05-03T14:53:16","slug":"new-study-answers-the-question-what-is-grid-resilience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2018\/05\/02\/new-study-answers-the-question-what-is-grid-resilience\/","title":{"rendered":"New study answers the question, \u2018What is grid resilience?\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Rama Zakaria<\/a>, Michael Panfil<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Whether or not our electric grid is \u201cresilient,\u201d and what if anything should be done to make the grid more resilient, has been a topic of intense scrutiny in the past year.<\/p>\n

The stakes in this debate reached new dimensions last fall with a highly controversial proposal<\/a> by Sec. Rick Perry and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), which claimed that the resilience of the electric grid is threatened by the premature retirement of uneconomic coal and nuclear plants. DOE\u2019s flawed proposal \u2013 to bail out these plants through a profit-guarantee mechanism \u2013 was considered and unanimously rejected<\/a> in January by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the agency charged with overseeing our nation\u2019s electric grid. DOE\u2019s proposal, in short, was an incredibly bad idea.<\/p>\n

When FERC dismissed DOE\u2019s proposal it opened a new proceeding, asking a series of questions around the topic of grid resilience.<\/p>\n

A Customer-focused Framework for Electric System Resilience<\/em><\/a>, a new report authored by Alison Silverstein and Grid Strategies, aims to answer these questions. The report, commissioned by Environmental Defense Fund and Natural Resources Defense Council, recommends a customer-centric framework for evaluating electric system resilience and concludes that the most effective resilience solutions center upon the wires connecting the grid: distribution, and to a lesser extent transmission. By contrast, generation-related solutions \u2013 like keeping dirty coal and uneconomic nuclear plants online past their retirement dates \u2013 are the least effective for improving resilience.<\/p>\n

Resilience and reliability are intertwined<\/strong><\/p>\n

According to the report, power system resilience is closely intertwined with and functionally inseparable from reliability. Reliability is already ensured by grid operators, and is aimed at reducing the probability of power interruptions, while resilience is aimed at reducing the damage from outages and shortening outage durations.<\/p>\n

Many reliability measures improve resilience and the same entities responsible for providing reliability also provide resilience. In fact, FERC, together with the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), is already addressing the resilience of our electric grid under the umbrella of reliability. However, resilience also requires action by distribution system providers and end users, suggesting action beyond FERC\u2019s jurisdiction \u2013 by state regulators, for example \u2013 is important.[Tweet “New study answers the question, \u2018What is grid resilience?\u2019”]<\/p>\n

The report confirms earlier findings<\/a> by the Rhodium Group that over 90 percent of customer outages are due to distribution-level problems and most are weather-related. Damage to the transmission system, while infrequent, can lead to more widespread power outages that affect a large number of customers. On the other hand, generation shortfalls cause a fraction of customer outages \u2013 between 2003 and 2017, only 0.2 percent of all customer-outage hours (including 0.0002% from fuel supply problems) were caused by generation shortfalls.<\/p>\n

Resilience should be customer-centric<\/strong><\/p>\n

Silverstein and Grid Strategies emphasize the importance of examining resilience using a holistic approach and a broad framework that focus on the customer\u2019s experience. Under such a framework, the power system starts with the customer and expands to distribution, transmission, generation, and fuel supply. Resilience is measured from the customer\u2019s perspective.<\/p>\n

There are many threats to the power system that need to be considered when assessing power system resilience \u2013 these include natural hazards such as hurricanes and ice storms, geomagnetic disturbances from solar weather and electromagnetic pulses, as well as cyber and physical attacks. Given the impacts of climate change, extreme weather hazards are increasing in both severity and frequency and are projected to get worse over time. Although the bulk of customer outages occur at the distribution level, both distribution and transmission are most vulnerable to almost all major threats \u2013 which is why efforts to improve resilience should focus on these assets.<\/p>\n

While it is impossible to eliminate \u2013 and extremely costly to protect against \u2013 all threats, an all-hazards approach can manage risk by planning for as many threats as possible. Given resource limitations, policymakers need to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of different resilience measures. Silverstein and Grid Strategies recommends that resilience measures be evaluated based on customer impact.<\/p>\n

The authors find that the most cost-effective and highest value resilience measures address distribution and transmission improvements \u2013 specifically distribution, since most outages occur at this juncture \u2013 as well as customer protection efforts, such as distributed generation like energy storage, which can help people survive outages more safely.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo evident need\u201d to compensate generators for resilience<\/strong><\/p>\n

The authors also find that generation-related solutions \u2013 the type of approach reflected in DOE\u2019s flawed coal bailout proposal \u2014 are not effective at reducing customer outages. Generation and fuel supply shortages rarely cause customer outages and no single unit or type of generation is critical or resilient in itself. For example, coal and nuclear units are not good at providing many essential reliability services, such as flexibility, frequency regulation, and response. Instead, grid operators have always relied on a portfolio of supply- and demand-side resources to provide reliable and affordable electricity to Americans.<\/p>\n

According to the authors, it is important for markets to compensate for delivered services and avoid compensation for attributes. In other words, reliability services or products should be defined in a technology-neutral manner based on actual system needs, instead of characteristics of resources, such as whether they have \u201con-site fuel.\u201d<\/p>\n

NERC has already defined essential reliability services to include frequency support, voltage support, and flexibility, or ramping. The authors find no evident need to compensate generators or other assets for bulk power system resilience beyond the technical needs already identified by electrical engineers. Well-designed markets that properly compensate flexibility and allow all resources to participate, including distributed energy resources, are best capable of supporting reliability and resilience.<\/p>\n

Instead of wasting time and Americans\u2019 money looking at ways to prop up<\/a> uneconomic generators, such as coal in the name of resilience, policy-makers should focus attention on distribution, transmission, and customer-protection measures that can actually help improve the resilience of our power system.<\/p>\n

Photo credit: NASA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Rama Zakaria, Michael Panfil Whether or not our electric grid is \u201cresilient,\u201d and what if anything should be done to make the grid more resilient, has been a topic of intense scrutiny in the past year. The stakes in this debate reached new dimensions last fall with a highly controversial proposal by Sec. Rick …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42996,4127,46898,84830,105770,27600],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-17734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-smart-power","category-dynamic-pricing","category-firstenergy","category-grid-modernization","category-market-resilience","category-utilities"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNew study answers the question, \u2018What is grid resilience?\u2019 - Energy Exchange<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/energyexchange\/2018\/05\/02\/new-study-answers-the-question-what-is-grid-resilience\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New study answers the question, \u2018What is grid resilience?\u2019 - Energy Exchange\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Rama Zakaria, Michael Panfil Whether or not our electric grid is \u201cresilient,\u201d and what if anything should be done to make the grid more resilient, has been a topic of intense scrutiny in the past year. 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