{"id":23666,"date":"2023-11-20T15:06:42","date_gmt":"2023-11-20T20:06:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/?p=23666"},"modified":"2023-11-20T18:14:54","modified_gmt":"2023-11-20T23:14:54","slug":"article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/2023\/11\/20\/article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 6 moves to implementation, at COP28 and beyond"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/\/What-is-article-6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-23670 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/\/What-is-article-6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/What-is-article-6.png 1080w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/What-is-article-6-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/What-is-article-6-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/What-is-article-6-50x50.png 50w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/What-is-article-6-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/What-is-article-6-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/a>This blog was authored by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/people\/pedro-martins-barata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pedro Martins Barata,<\/a> AVP for Carbon Markets and Private Sector Decarbonization at the Environmental Defense Fund.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Since the Glasgow COP two years ago, there have been growing expectations to transform the market-based cooperation approaches outlined in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement into practical, effective actions for reducing global emissions. Article 6 is not just another clause in an international treaty; it serves as a practical framework for cooperative climate action that has the potential to unlock higher ambition for reducing carbon emissions and adaptation actions. As COP28 unfolds, it is set to complete the development stage of these mechanisms, paving the way for tangible, impactful action in the near future.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There are three cooperative approaches described in the text of Article 6, commonly referred to by the paragraphs in which they appear (e.g., 6.2 refers to Article 6, paragraph 2).<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Article 6.2 provides an accounting framework that enables two or more countries to join hands through the transfer of emission reductions, while following rigorous rules to avoid \u201cdouble counting\u201d of those efforts. Some countries are already forging these decentralized, bilateral collaborations, including Switzerland, Peru, Ghana, Japan, India, Thailand, and Vanuatu. Under Article 6.2, countries may cooperatively pursue project-based or larger scale, jurisdictional emission reduction approaches.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The second approach, Article 6.4, establishes a centralized, United Nations-controlled mechanism that paves the way for carbon credit trading generated through specific emission-reducing projects or activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The last approach, Article 6.8, focuses on non-market strategies, illustrating that cooperation extends beyond credit trading.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If Article 6 is designed and implemented well, it could help channel resources to developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions more rapidly, equitably, and cost-effectively. These \u201ccooperative approaches\u201d under Article 6 could be a helpful tool to bridge the finance gap and mobilize money where it\u2019s needed most: creating a way for developed countries to shift money, knowledge, and other resources to developing countries to meet their Paris Agreement goals as their populations, economies, and demands for energy grow.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">By driving investment up, Article 6 can help drive emissions down, potentially even lower than expected under countries\u2019 current climate commitments. \u00a0Our analysis estimates that the international carbon market, if operated with integrity, could enable countries to nearly double their mitigation ambition without bearing extra costs, provided that cost savings are reinvested in additional emissions reductions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Article 6\u2019s Road to COP28<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COP26 in Glasgow was a milestone in the life of Article 6, producing a Paris Agreement \u201crulebook\u201d for international cooperation through carbon markets after several years of challenging negotiations. Fast forward to COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh, where the Article 6 blueprint began to take physical shape through the creation of reporting formats, review processes, and infrastructure required to track transfers of credits between countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Leaving COP27, negotiators reached a consensus on the framework for essential reports, instituted a review process for information submission to the UN tied to cooperative approaches, and offered detailed guidance on the various components of the Article 6 tracking infrastructure, clarifying their interconnections.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What\u2019s On the Table at COP28? Methodologies and Removals<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Now, as the baton is passed to COP28, the stakes are high for the Article 6.4 Supervisory Body (SB) that has been tasked with managing the new, centralized mechanism created under Article 6.4. Negotiators appointed to the SB must transform the agreed-upon methodologies from COP26 into actionable recommendations, and develop recommendations on activities involving removals, where carbon is stored by nature or technology. Under its 2023 workplan, the panel must also develop a mechanism registry, accredit operational entities, and facilitate the transition of activities from the previous Clean Development Mechanism \u2013 a mechanism operating under the now defunct Kyoto Protocol &#8211; to the Article 6.4 mechanism. Their decisions, subject to the COP&#8217;s approval, will be pivotal in ensuring that these measures are implemented effectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The SB\u00a0deserves recognition for its remarkable effort in preparing a wide set of documents for adoption at COP28, which collectively will form the fundamental legal structure of the Article 6.4 mechanism.\u00a0These include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An accreditation procedure for validators and verifiers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An accreditation standard for validators, detailing requirements such as technical competence, financial<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An activity cycle procedure, stipulating the steps and timelines leading to the registration of an activity under A6.4 and the process for issuance of units<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A standard for activities that transit from the CDM<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A detailed procedure for that transition<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The SB has also developed initial drafts of the following documents:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An appeal procedure for stakeholders and Parties to decisions of the SB and a grievance procedure for affected stakeholders of an article 6.4 activity<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A Sustainable Development (SD) Tool, for the assessment of SD co-benefits from article 6.4 activities,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>and these have been put out for public consultation. Separately, efforts are being wrapped up on the mechanism registry. Additionally, the governance of the mechanism has been strengthened through the establishment of Expert Panels\u00a0on methodologies and accreditation. Given this progress, it&#8217;s likely that COP28 will confirm many of these documents, effectively establishing much of the Article 6.4 mechanism&#8217;s framework by the end of the conference.<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On what is potentially the most thorny political issue for discussion at the Article 6.4-related meetings at COP28, the SB has come out with a recommendation on removals, following the request from COP27 to reconsider the issue of acceptability of removal activities under article 6.4 (note that these activities are anyway permissible under article 6.2). The recommendation, if adopted as is by the SB in its current form (we\u2019ll know in two days), would allow for removals to be part of the scope of the mechanism, with some sensible ground rules especially on the issue of controlling for reversal risk. Some of this includes ideas such as stress-testing of buffer pools, ideas first vented but not yet tested in the voluntary carbon market.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the meantime, countries need not wait to participate in cooperative approaches: Article 6.2 cooperation is available <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">now<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and many countries are already moving ahead. \u00a0Indeed, in the run up to COP28, we\u2019ve seen the first formal notification of intent by a pair of countries \u2013 Ghana and Switzerland in relation to a cooperative approach. As the number of countries that have signed cooperative agreements under Article 6.2 grows, there is also growing recognition that capacity building and technical assistance can assist interested countries in accelerating action. For examples of initiatives that are currently in place, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/a6partnership.org\/\">A6 Implementation Partnership<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/westafricaclimatealliance.org\/\">West African Alliance on Carbon Markets and Climate Finance<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/easternafricaalliance.org\/\">Eastern Africa Alliance on Carbon Markets and Climate Finance<\/a>, among others.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Many countries face challenges in understanding what these new approaches would look like <a href=\"https:\/\/a6partnership.org\/\">in practice<\/a>, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">including how mitigation activities can be scaled up to maximize impact beyond small-scale, project-by-project approaches.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Drawing on past lessons learned, it&#8217;s crucial for countries, donors, and organizations involved in capacity building to exchange information. This collaboration will help identify both redundancies and areas needing more attention in their work. Well-coordinated capacity building efforts can accelerate carbon market readiness, while also improving the distributional equity of carbon market cooperation worldwide. An effective and equitable post-Paris Agreement model of carbon market cooperation must support as many interested countries and communities as possible to deploy carbon market tools to meet ambitious development and environmental goals \u2013 not just those with the current means to do so.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As Article 6 moves forward to implementation, it must operate in a high-integrity, inclusive, equitable, and transparent way.\u00a0 This must include use of high-quality natural climate solutions (NCS) to make sure that we channel critical finance to conserve the power of forests, wetlands, and other critical carbon-storing ecosystems\u2014and support the forest countries, Indigenous Peoples, and Local Communities who safeguard them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">On Article 6.2,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> countries should ensure that guidance around reporting, tracking, and reviewing trades enables transparency and quality assurance of Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs), including by \u201copening their books\u201d to the public and minimizing claims to confidentiality of any information submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Cooperating countries should consider observing additional, more stringent requirements than the minimum specified in Article 6.2 guidance, to ensure that only the highest-quality ITMOs are traded. The principles and recommendations provided in the Tropical Forest Credit Integrity Guide could help, particularly for those countries interested in NCS cooperation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"12\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Under Article 6.4,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> nature-based removals should be considered eligible. The majority of existing removals activities are nature-based and methodologies for these types of removals have already been widely tested and monitored over several decades.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The discourse and decisions made at COP28 has the potential to significantly influence the trajectory of Article 6 cooperation. EDF is advocating for countries to work together to ensure that it serves the planet and its diverse communities effectively. \u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">With the clock ticking in the race against climate change, now is the time to accelerate action on &#8211; and access to &#8211; carbon market cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For more details about Article 6, its implementation, and its future, please see <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-11\/EDF%20Article%206%20fact%20sheet_0.pdf\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">EDF\u2019s Article 6 fact sheet.<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This blog was authored by Pedro Martins Barata, AVP for Carbon Markets and Private Sector Decarbonization at the Environmental Defense Fund. Since the Glasgow COP two years ago, there have been growing expectations to transform the market-based cooperation approaches outlined in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement into practical, effective actions for reducing global emissions. &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":152960,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[71676,107916],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-23666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-carbon-markets","category-forest-protection"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Article 6 moves to implementation, at COP28 and beyond - Climate 411<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/2023\/11\/20\/article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Article 6 moves to implementation, at COP28 and beyond - Climate 411\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This blog was authored by Pedro Martins Barata, AVP for Carbon Markets and Private Sector Decarbonization at the Environmental Defense Fund. Since the Glasgow COP two years ago, there have been growing expectations to transform the market-based cooperation approaches outlined in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement into practical, effective actions for reducing global emissions. ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/2023\/11\/20\/article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Climate 411\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-20T20:06:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-20T23:14:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/\/What-is-article-6.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pedro Martins Barata\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pedro Martins Barata\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/climate411\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/20\\\/article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/climate411\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/20\\\/article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pedro Martins Barata\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/climate411\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/803828f796bac13f83e8d97b61409bc8\"},\"headline\":\"Article 6 moves to implementation, at COP28 and beyond\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-20T20:06:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-20T23:14:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/climate411\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/20\\\/article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1476,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/climate411\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/20\\\/article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/climate411\\\/wp-content\\\/blogs.dir\\\/7\\\/files\\\/\\\/What-is-article-6.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Carbon Markets\",\"Forest protection\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/climate411\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/20\\\/article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/climate411\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/20\\\/article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.edf.org\\\/climate411\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/20\\\/article-6-moves-to-implementation-at-cop28-and-beyond\\\/\",\"name\":\"Article 6 moves to implementation, at COP28 and beyond - 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