{"id":19391,"date":"2019-05-03T09:02:58","date_gmt":"2019-05-03T14:02:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/?p=19391"},"modified":"2019-05-03T09:26:45","modified_gmt":"2019-05-03T14:26:45","slug":"indigenous-mobilization-wins-battle-in-president-bolsonaros-war-on-indigenous-peoples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/2019\/05\/03\/indigenous-mobilization-wins-battle-in-president-bolsonaros-war-on-indigenous-peoples\/","title":{"rendered":"Indigenous mobilization wins battle in President Bolsonaro\u2019s war on indigenous peoples"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/agenciasenado\/47651605312\/\"<\/a>
Indigenous people mobilizing for land rights during the Free Land Encampment (Acampamento Terra Livre<\/em>) in Brasilia, Brazil on April 25, 2019. Photo: Leopoldo Silva\/Ag\u00eancia Senado via Flickr<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Far-right Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro\u2019s personal crusade to extinguish indigenous rights and devastate indigenous territories just hit a wall. Two, actually. Both Brazil\u2019s Supreme Court and Brazil\u2019s top congressional leaders handed Bolsonaro setbacks over his executive decision to move control of protecting indigenous lands to the agriculture ministry, which is controlled by members of the agribusiness lobby known for its opposition to indigenous land rights.<\/p>\n

Taken together, this means that Bolsonaro\u2019s signature action to start the rollback of indigenous territories and declare open season on Amazon deforestation \u2013 which needs both congressional and judicial approval to fly \u2013 looks to be crashing on takeoff. It\u2019s also a glimmer of hope for indigenous and environmental protections in a country now led by a president openly hostile to Brazil\u2019s indigenous peoples and Amazon rainforest \u2013 repositories of its vast social and biological diversity, and key to stabilizing the global climate.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Supreme Court rules government is responsible for protecting indigenous lands<\/strong>
\nOn its first day in office, the Bolsonaro administration decided in executive action MP 870 to remove the authority to legally recognize and physically demarcate indigenous lands from the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) and give it to the Ministry of Agriculture, Ranching and Supply (MAPA). MAPA is controlled by politicians affiliated with the anti-indigenous agriculture caucus of the congress bent on expanding their lands into the rainforests that belong to indigenous communities. Destroying these rainforests will have devastating effects<\/a> not only for indigenous communities, but for the world\u2019s climate.<\/p>\n

In his April 23rd ruling<\/a> on a suit against MP 870 by the Federal Attorney General\u2019s Office, Brazilian Supreme Court Justice Luiz Roberto Barroso found that while the court could not rule on the way the executive branch chose to organize itself, the government\u2019s responsibility to demarcate and protect the indigenous territories is clearly articulated in the 1988 Constitution.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis responsibility is not discretionary . . . and is not subject to political preferences. . .The Federal Government is obligated to carry out these demarcations, and refusal to do so would effectively imply unconstitutional behavior,\u201d said Justice Barroso. Failure to advance the demarcation of indigenous territories would then be subject to judicial intervention.<\/p>\n

The Supreme Court has repeatedly upheld indigenous peoples\u2019 constitutional rights to the lands they traditionally occupied and the government\u2019s responsibility to demarcate them and guarantee the indigenous peoples control over their resources \u2013 often in the face of intense political opposition from states, landowners and industry. Last year, the court also upheld<\/a> the constitutional land rights of slave-descended communities (quilombos<\/em>) over vehement political opposition from large landowners.<\/p>\n

The decision means that, while the executive can in principle vest any agency it likes with authority to demarcate indigenous territories and guarantee indigenous people control over their resources, these are legal obligations. If the executive doesn\u2019t act, the door is open for indigenous peoples to take it to court.<\/p>\n

Congressional leaders side with indigenous leaders<\/strong>
\nLeaders of the \u201cFree Land\u201d Encampment that brought more than 4,000 indigenous people to Brasilia and leaders of the Parliamentary Front in Defense of Indigenous Rights last week met with Brazil\u2019s top two congressional leaders. Both congressional leaders committed to reverse MP 870<\/a>, which requires congressional support to remain in force. With both presidents opposed, it\u2019s unlikely to get the support it would need.<\/p>\n

Both Rodrigo Maia, president of Brazil\u2019s Chamber of Deputies, and Davi Alcolumbre, president of the Senate, also concurred with the indigenous leaders\u2019 demand that FUNAI be returned to its prior position under the authority of the Justice Ministry. MP 870 had subordinated FUNAI to the Ministry of Women, Family and Human Rights \u2013 presided by an extreme right-wing evangelical fundamentalist. Both Maia and Alcolumbre belong to the right-wing Democratic Party (DEM), part of Bolsonaro\u2019s congressional coalition. Their siding with indigenous people is a clear sign of the Free Land Movement\u2019s success.<\/p>\n

Congresswoman Jo\u00eania Wapichana (Rede, Roraima), coordinator of the Parliamentary Front in Defense of Indigenous Rights and the first indigenous woman member of Congress, said, \u201cThis shows that the Congressmen understand that there was a de-structuring . . . that makes the demarcation of indigenous lands inviable.\u201d<\/p>\n

Public opinion, political position, and what\u2019s next<\/strong>
\nPolitical leaders know public opinion in Brazil overwhelmingly supports indigenous rights \u2013 the Bolsonaro clan\u2019s views notwithstanding. Even politicians not vaguely known for supporting indigenous rights know this.<\/p>\n

DEM members of Congress on the other hand are historically as enthusiastic about indigenous rights as Republicans in the US Congress are for gun control. They can however read their Twitter feeds, and know that the massive indigenous mobilization was widely covered nationally and internationally<\/a>, and that Brazil\u2019s image on the global stage is affected by its indigenous policies \u2013 for better or for worse. They also know that the views of the Agriculture Caucus on indigenous rights are in a very small minority in Brazil. Large majorities<\/a> of Brazilians don\u2019t support Bolsonaro on indigenous rights.<\/p>\n

Even though the Brazilian people support indigenous rights, powerful elites and demagogues like Bolsonaro will continue their crusade against them. Indigenous peoples are the most effective guardians of the forest, and warriors against climate change. That\u2019s why it\u2019s critical that we continue to support the indigenous resistance.<\/p>\n

This is far from the first or only moment when politicians and others have, like Bolsonaro, predicted or promoted the end, or the disappearance, of the indigenous peoples. It\u2019s also not first time that indigenous resistance has proved them wrong. It won\u2019t be the last.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Far-right Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro\u2019s personal crusade to extinguish indigenous rights and devastate indigenous territories just hit a wall. Two, actually. 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