{"id":15923,"date":"2017-02-24T17:24:47","date_gmt":"2017-02-24T22:24:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/?p=15923"},"modified":"2017-02-24T17:24:47","modified_gmt":"2017-02-24T22:24:47","slug":"epa-has-the-responsibility-and-the-tools-to-address-climate-pollution-under-the-clean-air-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/2017\/02\/24\/epa-has-the-responsibility-and-the-tools-to-address-climate-pollution-under-the-clean-air-act\/","title":{"rendered":"EPA Has the Responsibility and the Tools to Address Climate Pollution Under the Clean Air Act"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-14750\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/2016\/09\/Gavel-and-earth-from-Flickr-300x199-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" \/>(EDF Attorney Ben Levitan co-authored this post)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s barely a week since Scott Pruitt was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/media\/senate-rams-through-pruitt-confirmation-irresponsible-rush-vote\">confirmed as EPA Administrator<\/a>, and he has already provided yet another indication of why he has no business leading the agency.<\/p>\n<p>In an interview with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/scott-pruitts-back-to-basics-agenda-for-the-epa-1487375872\">The Wall Street Journal<\/a>, Pruitt says he wants to undertake a \u201ccareful review\u201d as to whether EPA has the \u201ctools\u201d to address climate change under the Clean Air Act. Pruitt further states that EPA should withdraw the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/climate\/a-new-federal-clean-power-plan\">Clean Power Plan<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 a vital climate and public health measure to reduce carbon pollution from the nation\u2019s power plants &#8211; and instead wait for Congress to act on the issue of climate change.<\/p>\n<p>Those statements are contrary to the law and disconnected from reality. As Pruitt surely knows, the federal courts \u2013 including three separate decisions of the Supreme Court \u2013 have made it abundantly clear that the Clean Air Act requires EPA to protect the public from dangerous pollutants that are disrupting our climate. The courts have repeatedly rejected Pruitt\u2019s theory that climate pollution is an issue that only Congress can address through new legislation.<\/p>\n<p>Over the last eight years, EPA has demonstrated that the Clean Air Act is an effective tool for addressing the threat of climate change \u2014 by putting in place common sense, highly cost-effective measures to reduce climate pollution from cars and trucks, power plants, oil and gas facilities, and other sources. These actions under the Clean Air Act are saving lives, strengthening the American economy, and yielding healthier air and a safer climate for our children.<\/p>\n<p>Pruitt\u2019s casual willingness to abandon that progress based on a discredited legal theory demonstrates deep contempt for the laws he is charged with administering and the mission of the agency he now leads.<\/p>\n<p><strong>EPA Is Legally Obligated to Address Climate Pollution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court has repeatedly held that EPA clearly has the authority and responsibility to address climate pollution under the Clean Air Act:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/06pdf\/05-1120.pdf\">Massachusetts v. EPA<\/a><\/em> (549 U.S. 497, 2007), the Supreme Court held that climate pollutants plainly fall within the broad definition of \u201cair pollutants\u201d covered by the Clean Air Act. The Court ordered EPA to make a science-based determination as to whether those pollutants endanger public health and welfare (a determination that EPA ultimately made in 2009, and that has been upheld by the federal courts).<\/li>\n<li>In <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/10pdf\/10-174.pdf\">American Electric Power v. Connecticut<\/a> <\/em>(564 U.S. 410, 2011), the Supreme Court held that the Clean Air Act \u201cspeaks directly\u201d to the problem of climate pollution from power plants.<\/li>\n<li>In <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/13pdf\/12-1146_4g18.pdf\">Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA<\/a><\/em> (134 S. Ct. 2427, 2014), the Supreme Court held that the Clean Air Act obligated EPA to address climate pollution from new and modified industrial facilities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In <em>Massachusetts v. EPA<\/em>, the Bush Administration\u2019s EPA made \u2014 and the Supreme Court rejected \u2014Pruitt\u2019s same argument that EPA lacks the authority and tools to address climate pollution.<\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court said in no uncertain terms that:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The statutory text forecloses EPA\u2019s reading \u2026 Because <strong>greenhouse gases fit well within the Clean Air Act\u2019s capacious definition of \u2018air pollutant,\u2019<\/strong> we hold that EPA <strong>has the statutory authority to regulate the emission of such gases<\/strong> from new motor vehicles. (<em>emphasis added<\/em>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The Supreme Court went on to explain that \u2013 contrary to what Pruitt is now saying \u2013 Congress <strong>intended<\/strong> to provide EPA with the tools it needed to address new air pollution challenges, including climate change:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>While the Congresses that drafted [the Clean Air Act] might not have appreciated the possibility that burning fossil fuels could lead to global warming, they did understand that without regulatory flexibility, changing circumstances and scientific developments would soon render the Clean Air Act obsolete. <strong>The broad language [of the Act] reflects an intentional effort to confer the flexibility necessary to forestall such obsolescence.<\/strong> (<em>emphasis added<\/em>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The Court also found that nothing about climate pollution distinguishes it from other forms of air pollution long regulated under the Clean Air Act. It rejected the Bush Administration\u2019s attempt to argue that climate pollution is somehow \u201cdifferent,\u201d saying that theory was a \u201cplainly unreasonable\u201d reading of the Clean Air Act and \u201cfinds no support in the text of the statute.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That was the law under the Bush Administration \u2013 and it remains the law today. It is a binding, rock-solid precedent regardless of who is running EPA at any given time.<\/p>\n<p>Pruitt ought to know all this, because he was one of the Attorneys General who joined polluters and their allies in challenging EPA\u2019s determination that climate pollution endangers public health and welfare.<\/p>\n<p>That 2009 determination was in response to <em>Massachusetts v. EPA<\/em>, and it was based on an immense body of authoritative scientific literature as well as consideration of more than 380,000 public comments. Yet in their legal challenge to the determination, Pruitt and his allies again argued that EPA should have declined to make an endangerment finding based on the supposed difficulty of regulating climate pollution under the Clean Air Act.<\/p>\n<p>A unanimous panel of the D.C. Circuit rejected those claims, finding that:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>These contentions are foreclosed by the language of the statute and the Supreme Court\u2019s decision in <em>Massachusetts v. EPA \u2026 <\/em>the additional exercises [state and industry challengers] would have EPA undertake \u2026 do not inform the \u2018scientific judgment\u2019 that [the Clean Air Act] requires of EPA \u2026 the Supreme Court <strong>has already held that EPA indeed wields the authority to regulate greenhouse gases under the CAA<\/strong>. (<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cadc.uscourts.gov\/internet\/opinions.nsf\/52AC9DC9471D374685257A290052ACF6\/$file\/09-1322-1380690.pdf\">Coalition for Responsible Regulation v. EPA<\/a><\/em>, 684 F.3d 102, D.C. Cir. 2012, <em>emphasis added<\/em>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The Supreme Court did not even regard further challenges to the endangerment finding as worthy of its review. (See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/In%20SCO%2020131015E57\/VIRGINIA%20v.%20ENVIRONMENTAL%20PROTECTION%20AGENCY\">Order Denying Certiorari<\/a><em>,<\/em> <em>Sub Nom Virginia v. EPA<\/em>, 134 S.Ct. 418, 2013)<\/p>\n<p>Pruitt\u2019s suggestion that EPA should stop applying the Clean Air Act\u2019s protections to an important category of pollutants \u2013 greenhouse gases \u2013 amounts to a repeal of Congress\u2019s core judgment that all air pollutants that cause hazards to human health and the environment need to be addressed under the Clean Air Act. It is an audacious and aggressive effort to alter the Clean Air Act in a way that Congress has never done (and has specifically declined to do when such weakening amendments have been proposed).<\/p>\n<p><strong>EPA Has Established a Strong Record of Successful Climate Protections<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pruitt\u2019s statements also ignore the pragmatic way in which EPA has carried out its legal obligations to address climate pollution. Since <em>Massachusetts v. EPA<\/em> was decided, EPA has issued common sense, cost-effective measures for major sources of climate pollution \u2013 including <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/2015\/08\/06\/the-clean-power-plan-a-ticket-to-the-top\/?_ga=1.260527117.183035146.1439322551\">power plants<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/climate\/policy\/light-duty-fuel-standards\">cars<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/climate\/national-clean-truck-standards\">trucks<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/methane_rule_fact_sheet_in_brief_spring_2016_final.pdf\">the oil and gas sector<\/a>; and <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/2016\/07\/15\/epa-updates-standards-to-reduce-methane-pollution-from-landfills\/\">municipal solid waste landfills<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>These actions demonstrate that Pruitt is flatly wrong to suggest that EPA lacks the \u201ctools\u201d to address climate change under the Clean Air Act. They include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Clean Power Plan will reduce carbon pollution from the nation\u2019s power plants to 32 percent below 2005 levels by 2030, while providing states and power companies with the flexibility to meet their targets through highly cost-effective measures \u2013 including shifting to cleaner sources of generation and using consumer-friendly energy efficiency programs that would reduce average household electricity bills by $85 per year.\u00a0The Clean Power Plan will protect public health too, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/7\/files\/2015\/08\/An-Early-Look-at-the-Clean-Power-Plant-in-Six-Charts.pdf\">resulting in<\/a> 90,000 fewer childhood asthma attacks, 300,000 fewer missed school and work days, and 3,600 fewer premature deaths every year by 2030. The value of these health benefits alone exceeds the costs by a factor of four, and the climate benefits are roughly as large.<\/li>\n<li>EPA\u2019s standards for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/climate\/policy\/light-duty-fuel-standards\">cars and other light-duty vehicles<\/a>, will save the average American family $8,000 over the lifetime of a new vehicle through reduced fuel costs \u2013 while saving 12 billion barrels of oil and avoiding 6 billion metric tons of carbon pollution.\u00a0A recent <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/2016\/12\/19\/5-things-you-should-know-about-americas-clean-car-standards\/\">analysis<\/a> by EPA and the U.S. Department of Transportation found that manufacturers are reaching these standards ahead of schedule and at a lower cost than originally anticipated.<\/li>\n<li>The most recent Clean Truck Standards, which were finalized in August 2016, will <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/2016\/08\/17\/new-standards-for-cleaner-freight-trucks-by-the-numbers\/?_ga=1.218920729.183035146.1439322551\">save truck owners<\/a> a total of $170 billion in lower fuel costs, ultimately resulting in $400 in annual household savings by 2035 \u2013 while also reducing carbon pollution by 1.1 billion tons over the life of the program.\u00a0These benefits are one reason why the Clean Truck Standards have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/positive_quotes_on_final_hd_phase_2_rulemaking_10.24.16_final.pdf?_ga=1.35098147.326409683.1487194880\">broad support<\/a> from manufacturers, truck operators, fleet owners and shippers.<\/li>\n<li>EPA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/methane_rule_fact_sheet_in_brief_spring_2016_final.pdf\">methane emission standards<\/a> for new and modified oil and gas facilities, finalized in June 2016, will generate climate benefits equivalent to taking 8.5 million vehicles off the nation\u2019s roads \u2013 while having minimal impact on industry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When Scott Pruitt suggests that the Clean Air Act is a poor fit for regulating climate pollution, he overlooks the clear command of the statute, as confirmed repeatedly by the Supreme Court. He also ignores EPA\u2019s successful history of issuing regulations that protect the environment while promoting significant health and economic benefits.<\/p>\n<p>Pruitt might try to distort the truth in an effort to wipe climate protections off the books &#8212; subjecting our children and grandchildren to the dire health, security and economic effects of unlimited climate pollution in the process. But the law and the facts are not on his side.<\/p>\n<p>EPA must address climate pollution under the Clean Air Act, and it has the tools to do so effectively.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(EDF Attorney Ben Levitan co-authored this post) It\u2019s barely a week since Scott Pruitt was confirmed as EPA Administrator, and he has already provided yet another indication of why he has no business leading the agency. In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Pruitt says he wants to undertake a \u201ccareful review\u201d as to &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11203,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4020,4017,4025,4024,20,44],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-15923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cars","category-clean-air-act","category-carbon-pollution-standards","category-epa-litgation","category-news","category-policy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>EPA Has the Responsibility and the Tools to Address Climate Pollution Under the Clean Air Act - Climate 411<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.edf.org\/climate411\/2017\/02\/24\/epa-has-the-responsibility-and-the-tools-to-address-climate-pollution-under-the-clean-air-act\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EPA Has the Responsibility and the Tools to Address Climate Pollution Under the Clean Air Act - Climate 411\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(EDF Attorney Ben Levitan co-authored this post) It\u2019s barely a week since Scott Pruitt was confirmed as EPA Administrator, and he has already provided yet another indication of why he has no business leading the agency. 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